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. 2023 Apr 6;11:1063250. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1063250

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Copyright © 2023 Roggan, Kronenberg, Wollert, Hoffmann, Nisar, Konda, Diegeler, Liemersdorf and Hellweg.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The number of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci formed in X-irradiated astrocytes increases dose-dependently. Astrocytes were mock-irradiated (0 Gy) or irradiated with X-ray doses (200 kV, 15 mA) up to 4 Gy and fixed 1 and 24 h after irradiation for immunofluorescence staining of the DNA double strand marker γH2AX (A) and the DNA repair protein 53BP1 (B). The number of foci (γH2AX, 53BP1) per cell nucleus was quantified to generate dose effect curves of the initial foci number (1 h) and the number of foci after a repair time of 24 h. The sample size was n = 3 for both immunofluorescence stainings. The samples were compared via 2way ANOVA (Tukey's multiple comparisons test), based on a sample size n = 3. Data are shown as mean ± SD. In case that the error bars are smaller than the symbol, they are not visible. Significant differences in comparison to the respective 0 Gy control are indicated by asterisks (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).