Table 1.
Overview of the experiments: radiation quality, doses, time points, biological endpoints.
| Biological endpoint conditions | Radiation qualities | Combined effects | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X-rays (200 kV, LET 0.3–3 keV/μm) | 12C (7 MeV/n, LET 220 keV/μm) | 56Fe (996.5 MeV/n, LET 151 keV/μm) | Microgravity conditions | ||
| DNA damage and repair | Doses (Gy) | 0, 0.1, 1.0 | Not determined | 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 | ≤ 0.036g, 2 Gy |
| Time points (h) | 0, 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, 8.0, 24.0 | 1.0, 4.0, 8.0, 24.0 | 1.0, 4.0, 6.0, 24.0 | ||
| Proliferation | Doses (Gy) | 0, 2.0, 8.0 | Not determined | Not determined | Not determined |
| Time points (h) | 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, 8.0, 24.0 | ||||
| Cell cycle progression | Doses (Gy) | 0, 8.0 | Not determined | Not determined | Not determined |
| Time points (h) | 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 16.0, 24.0 | ||||
| GFAP (astrocyte reactivity) | Doses (Gy) | 0, 2.0, 8.0 | Not determined | 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 | Not determined |
| Time points (h) | 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, 8.0, 24.0 | 1.0, 4.0, 8.0, 24.0 | |||
| NF-κB activation | Doses (Gy) | 0, 2.0, 8.0, TNF-α (20 ng/ml) | Not determined | 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 | Not determined |
| Time points (h) | 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, 8.0, 24.0 | 1.0, 4.0, 8.0, 24.0 | |||
| Cytokine secretion | Doses (Gy) | 0, 8.0 | 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 | Not determined | Not determined |
| Time points (h) | 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 16.0, 24.0 | 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 16.0, 24.0 | |||
| Global gene expression | Doses (Gy) | 0, 0.1, 2.0 | Not determined | Not determined | Not determined |
| Time points (h) | 6.0, 24.0 | ||||
| Expression of selected target genes | Doses (Gy) | 0, 1.0, 4.0, 8.0 | 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 | 0, 0.5, 2.0, 4.0 | Not determined |
| Time points (h) | 2.0, 6.0, 16.0 | 2.0, 6.0, 16.0 | 2.0, 6.0, 16.0 | ||