Table 3.

New findings

Clinical Impact
What is New
• Risk factors that can help case-find B12 deficiencies (in primary-care patients with T2DM) are identified and compared
• The odds of B12 deficiency increase markedly when “metformin daily dose” is ≥ 1.5 g/day”; and “age is ≥ 80 years”
• Folate (B9) and B12 deficiencies are associated in our cohort; potentially amplifying the complications of deficiencies of these closely related B-vitamins
• “Metformin daily dose” is an accurate proxy of both cumulative metformin exposure and duration of T2DM
Clinical Implications
• We now have the framework to case-find and prevent B12 deficiencies in primary-care patients with T2DM