Table 1.
Comparison of Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Clinical Characteristics of Children in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study and the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa Study
| Characteristic | Global Enteric Multicenter Study (n = 8808) | Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa Study (n = 10 579) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic features | |||
| ȃAge, n (%), m | |||
| ȃȃ0–11 | 3283 (37.3) | 3664 (34.6) | <.0001 |
| ȃȃ12–23 | 3042 (34.5) | 3656 (34.6) | |
| ȃȃ24–59 | 2483 (28.2) | 3259 (30.8) | |
| ȃSite, n (%) | |||
| ȃȃThe Gambia | 2154 (24.5) | 3625 (34.3) | <.001 |
| ȃȃMali | 3567 (40.5) | 3438 (32.5) | |
| ȃȃKenya | 3087 (35.0) | 3516 (33.2) | |
| ȃFemale, n (%) | 3883 (44.1) | 4903 (46.4) | .002 |
| >2 children aged <5 years children per caretaker, n (%) | 4138 (47.0) | 5076 (48.0) | .16 |
| Crowding (>3 people sleeping per room), n (%) (missing = 2) | 3761 (42.7) | 4267 (40.3) | .001 |
| Socioeconomic features | |||
| ȃCaretaker completed primary school or higher, n (%) | 2296 (26.1) | 3656 (34.6) | <.001 |
| Household possessions | |||
| ȃCar, n (%) (missing = 8) | 1069 (12.1) | 1234(11.7) | .321 |
| ȃScooter, n (%) (missing = 8) | 3599 (40.9) | 5294 (50.1) | <.0001 |
| ȃBike, n (%) (missing = 8) | 5253 (59.6) | 5694 (53.9) | <.0001 |
| ȃCart, n (%) (missing = 8) | 1961 (22.3) | 2923 (27.7) | <.0001 |
| ȃPhone, n (%) (missing = 8) | 7255 (82.4) | 10 176 (96.3) | <.0001 |
| ȃRadio, n (%) (missing = 8) | 7536 (85.6) | 8195 (77.5) | <.0001 |
| ȃAgricultural land, n (%) (missing = 8) | 4521 (51.3) | 6211 (58.8) | <.0001 |
| ȃElectricity, n (%) (missing = 8) | 3926 (44.6) | 5705 (54.0) | <.0001 |
| ȃTelevision, n (%) (missing = 8) | 3807 (43.2) | 4839 (45.8) | .0004 |
| ȃRefrigerator, n (%) (missing = 8) | 1208 (13.7) | 1675 (15.9) | <.0001 |
| Principal component Electricity, television, refrigerator, mean (SD) | 0 (1.45) | 0 (1.44) | 1 |
| ȃFinished floor, n (%) (missing = 21) | 5898 (67.0) | 7678 (72.7) | <.0001 |
| ȃClean cooking fuel,a n (%) (missing = 18) | 78 (0.9) | 592 (5.6) | <.0001 |
| ȃImproved drinking water, n (%) | 7343 (83.4) | 9078 (85.8) | <.0001 |
| Clinical variables | |||
| ȃStunted at enrollment, n (%) | 2017 (22.9) | 2273 (21.5) | .018 |
| ȃDiagnosed pneumonia,b n (%) | 120 (1.4) | 155 (1.5) | .547 |
| ȃDays to follow-up, mean (SD) | 62.34 (9.4) | 66.4 (6.9) | <.0001 |
| ȃDuration of diarrhea,c median (interquartile range) | 3.0 (0–7) | 2.0 (0–5) | <.0001 |
Significant P values are shown in bold.
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
Clean fuel includes electric, propane, butane, or natural gas.
Subsequent morbidity information came from a questionnaire completed 2–3 months after enrollment at a home visit.
Tested using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.