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. 2023 Apr 3;8(15):13519–13538. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01036

Table 2. Comparison of Direct Imaging Methods.

direct imaging methods TEM SEM FIB-SEM
advantages 1. a relatively high resolution 1. relatively low cost 1. enabling both 2D and 3D microstructure imaging
2. clearly observing mesopores in the shale 2. clearly observing fracture structure in the shale 2. comprehensive representatives of pore structure
3. calculable pore size distribution and porosity
disadvantages 1. high cost 1. a relatively low resolution 1. extremely high cost
2. limited number of sample analyses 2. few representatives of pore structure 2. time consuming
3. few representatives of pore structure
applicable occasions 1. characterization of shale nanopores using 2D imaging 1. characterization of shale nanopores using 2D and 3D imaging