Table 4.

Overview of included studies examining the relationship between sleep and reproductive hormones in peri- and postmenopausal women

Author	Year	Type of study	Sample size (n)	Method of sleep disorder assessment	Method of hormone measurement	Duration of data acquisition	Multiple measurements	Overall ratinga
Thomson and Oswald [101]	1977	Controlled trial	34	Electrophysiological recording	—	14 weeks	Yes	Fair
Furuhjelm and Carlström [102]	1977	Pre-Post	209	Self-report	Blood	3.5 years	Yes	Poor
Hagen et al [103]	1982	Cross-sectional	313	Questionnaires	Blood	Not stated	No	Fair
Shargil [104]	1985	Controlled trial	100	Questionnaires	—	3 years	Yes	Fair
Erkkola et al [105]	1991	Pre-Post	249	Interviews	—	6 months	Yes	Fair
Yang et al [106]	1995	Pre-Post	20	Questionnaires	—	3 months	No	Fair
Polo-Kantola et al [107]	1999	Cross-sectional	63	Polysomnography, self-report	Blood	4 months	Yes	Good
Polo-Kantola et al [108]	1999	Randomized controlled	66	Polysomnography, self-report	Blood	7 months	Yes	Fair
Strickler et al [109]	2000	Randomized controlled	398	Questionnaires	Blood	12 months	Yes	Good
Antonijevic et al [110]	2000	Pre-Post	11	Polysomnography, questionnaire	—	Not stated	No	Fair
Li et al [111]	2000	Cross-sectional	693	Questionnaires, interviews	—	3 years	No	Good
Hollander et al [112]	2001	Cohort	436	Questionnaire	Blood	2 years	Yes	Good
Montplaisir et al [113]	2001	Randomized parallel group	21	Polysomnography, questionnaires	—	6 months	Yes	Good
Barnabei et al [114]	2002	Randomized controlled	2763	Questionnaires	—	4 years	Yes	Good
Netzer et al [115]	2003	Cross-sectional	53	Polysomnography	Blood	Not stated	No	Fair
Shahar et al [116]	2003	Cross-sectional	2852	Polysomnography, questionnaires	—	51 months	No	Fair
Young et al [117]	2003	Cohort	589	Polysomnography, questionnaire	—	8 years	Yes	Good
Polo-Kantola et al [118]	2003	Randomized controlled	62	Polysomnography, static-charge-sensitive bed	Blood	7 months	Yes	Fair
Manber et al [119]	2003	Within subject	6	Polysomnography, sleep diary	Blood	40 days	No	Good
Freeman et al [120]	2004	Cohort	436	Interviews, questionnaires	Blood	5 years	Yes	Good
Ford et al [121]	2005	Cohort	660	Interviews, questionnaires	Blood	10 years	Yes	Good
Gambacciani et al [122]	2005	Randomized controlled	60	Questionnaires	—	12 weeks	Yes	Fair
Nielsen et al [123]	2006	Randomized controlled	335	Questionnaires	Blood	2 years	Yes	Fair
Rowley et al [124]	2006	Pre-Post	35	Polysomnography	Blood	30 days	No	Fair
Murphy and Campell [125]	2007	Cross-sectional	10	Polysomnography, self-report	Blood	2 weeks and 3 nights	Yes	Fair
Dennerstein et al [126]	2007	Cohort	204	Interviews, questionnaires	Blood	13 years	Yes	Good
Carranza-Lira et al [127]	2007	Pre-Post	14	Questionnaires	—	3 months	No	Fair
Kravitz et al [128]	2008	Cohort	3045	Self-report	Blood	7 years	Yes	Good
Sowers et al [129]	2008	Cross-sectional	365	Polysomnography, questionnaire	Blood	35 days	Yes	Good
Pien et al [130]	2008	Cohort	436	Questionnaires	Blood	8 years	Yes	Good
Schüssler et al [131]	2008	Randomized cross-over	10	Polysomnography, questionnaire	—	2x 21 days	No	Good
Woods and Mitchell [132]	2010	Cohort	286	Self-report diary	Urine	17 years	Yes	Good
Zheng et al [133]	2015	Cross-sectional	163	Wrist actigraphy, diaries	—	35 days	No	Fair
Baker et al [134]	2015	Case-control	72	Polysomnography, diary	Blood	2 weeks	No	Fair
Santoro et al [135]	2016	Randomized controlled	727	Self-report	Blood	2 years	Yes	Fair
Slopien et al [136]	2018	Cross-sectional	140	Questionnaires	Blood	Not stated	No	Fair
Cintron et al [137]	2018	Randomized controlled	727	Questionnaire	—	2 years	Yes	Good
Geiger et al [138]	2019	Placebo-controlled	172	Questionnaires, self-report	—	12 months	Yes	Fair
Hatcher et al [139]	2020	Cohort	762	Questionnaire	Blood	1 year	Yes	Good
Luo et al [140]	2020	Cohort	458	Questionnaires	Blood	Recruited in 2005, follow-up ongoing in 2020	Yes	Good

^a as rated by the NIH Quality Assessment Tools.