Table 2.

Association between early childhood co-sleeping and concomitant behavior problems.

	CBCL, Wave 1				TRF, Wave 1				FACTOR SCORE, Wave 1				AVERAGE SCORE, Wave 1
	OR	p	Confidence Interval		OR	p	Confidence Interval		OR	p	Confidence Interval		OR	p	Confidence Interval
Internalizing Problems
Anxious/depressed	1.58	0.021*	1.07	2.33	1.03	0.934	0.56	1.87	1.48	<0.001***	1.24	1.77	1.42	0.071	0.97	2.09
Withdrawal/depressed	1.56	0.006**	1.14	2.14	1.07	0.629	0.81	1.42	1.08	0.791	0.61	1.92	1.01	0.959	0.63	1.63
Somatic Problems	1.31	0.225	0.85	2.02	0.83	0.146	0.65	1.07	1.26	0.028*	1.02	1.56	1.34	0.053	1.00	1.80
Externalizing Problems
Aggressive Behavior	2.20	<0.001***	1.39	3.49	1.03	0.936	0.53	1.98	1.52	0.005**	1.13	2.05	1.49	<0.001***	1.22	1.83
Other Behavior problems
Attention Problems	1.51	0.078	0.96	2.37	1.21	0.283	0.86	1.71	1.22	0.018*	1.03	1.45	1.22	<0.001***	1.15	1.28
DSM-oriented Scales
Affective Problems	1.57	0.048*	1.00	2.45	0.81	0.007**	0.70	0.94	1.09	0.601	0.79	1.52	1.21	0.055	1.00	1.47
Anxiety Problems	3.11	<0.001***	2.04	4.74	1.11	0.733	0.62	1.99	2.06	<0.001***	1.47	2.88	2.31	<0.001***	1.81	2.94
ADH Problems	1.75	<0.001***	1.32	2.34	1.08	0.647	0.79	1.47	1.60	<0.001***	1.23	2.09	1.36	0.013*	1.07	1.72
Oppositional Defiant Problems	2.04	0.002**	1.30	3.19	1.05	0.721	0.81	1.36	1.59	<0.001***	1.54	1.64	1.95	<0.001***	1.81	2.11

Adjusted for age, sex, parents’ education and mixed effect of location, heteroscedasticity assumed for robustness of analysis result.

CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; TRF, Teacher’s Report Form; DSM, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; ADH problems, attention deficit hyperactivity problems; OR, odds ratio.

^*p ≤.10;

^**p ≤.05;

^***p ≤.01.