Figure 1.

Overall flowchart of this study. MIMIC-IV, Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ICU, intensive care unit; DKA, v; AKI, acute kidney injury; HR, heart rate; RR, respiratory rate; WBC, white blood cell count; PLT, Platelet count; Hb, hemoglobin; CHF, congestive heart failure; XGBoost, eXtreme Gradient Boosting; GNB, Gaussian Naïve Bayes; CNB, Complement Naive Bayes; MLP, multi-layer perceptron neural network; SVM, support vector machine; LASSO CV, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator cross-validation.