Figure 5.

MVs but not phage tails activate NF-kB pathway in macrophages. RAW-blue cells derived from RAW267.4 macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 100 ng/mL (positive control), OptiPrep (OP) (negative control), MV-free concentrated supernatant in OptiPrep from WT and Δpp2 (WTOP S/N and Δpp2OP S/N) (secondary controls), MVs derived from WT and Δpp2 at 1000 particles/macrophage, and LPS + MVs. Six hours after stimulation, the NF-kB response was measured by secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase reporter activity, transcribed from the plasmid under NF-kB inducible promoter. Statistical analysis was performed by the one-way ANOVA using one-way ANOVA test with Tukey's multiple comparison test. ^****, P < 0.0001, ** P < 0.001, ns: P > 0.05 among all of the conditions as compared to OptiPrep negative control.