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. 2023 Apr 6;10:952278. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.952278

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Copyright © 2023 Plaut.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Long COVID-19 as a disease with a complex multifaceted pathophysiology that can involve multiple organ systems and tissues and an array of immune and non-immune processes. Multiple cellular mechanisms may contribute to long COVID-19. Fascial armoring is suggested to contribute to the symptomatology of long COVID-19 in cases when it manifests as a fibromyalgia-like syndrome. Although pulmonary fibrosis is mentioned, the term “long COVID-19” is generally used in the discussion to describe chronic medically unexplained symptoms after COVID-19 when no clear organic cause can be found to explain them, and with no comorbidity that can sufficiently account for them.