Table 2.
Osteokines involved in liver regulation.
| Osteokines | The effect on bone | The effect on liver | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGF23 | Disturb osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization | Elevate inflammatory cytokine expression in the liver | (32–34) |
| Osteocalcin | The abundant osteoblast-specific non-collagenous protein and a determinant of bone formation | Reduce the pathology of NAFLD | (35–38) |
| Calcitonin | Suppress bone resorption | Stimulate biliary proliferation/senescence and liver fibrosis | (39, 40) |
| Sclerostin | Suppress bone formation | Increase insulin resistance | (8, 41) |
| TGF-β | Being essential to osteogenesis | Accelerate liver fibrosis | (42, 43) |
| LCN 2 | Promote osteogenic differentiation and osteogenesis | Accelerate NASH | (44, 45) |