Table 1.

Bacterial nucleomodulins functioning as MTases in the host.

Pathogen	Effector	Nuclear localization	Activity/target	References
DNA MTase nucleomodulins
Klebsiella pneumoniae	HsdM	Yes	Methylates eukaryotic DNA in vitro	Lee et al. (2009)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Rv2966c	Yes	Cytosine MTase (non-CpG context)—targets promoter sequences of several interleukin receptor genes	Sharma et al. (2015)
Mycoplasma hyorhinis	Mhy1-3	Yes	CG- and GATC-specific MT-ases—target pro-oncogenic and proliferation genes	Chernov et al. (2015)
Filifactor alocis	DNMTs		Unknown	Aruni et al. (2014)
Francisella tularensis	DNMT		Unknown	Champion (2011)
H. pylori	DNMTs		Unknown	Sitaraman (2014)
Acinetobacter baumannii	DNMT	Yes	Unknown	Moon et al. (2012a)
Arginine and lysine MTase nucleomodulins
M. tuberculosis	Rv1988	Yes	Arg-MTase—targets H3R42–induces gene repression	Yaseen et al. (2015)
Chlamydia pneumoniae	cpnSET	Yes	SET-domain MTase—targets H3 and Hc1	Murata et al. (2007)
Chlamydia trachomatis	NUE	Yes	SET-domain MTase—targets H2B/H3/H4 and automethylates	Pennini et al. (2010)
Burkholderia pseudomallei	BtSET	Yes	SET-domain MTase—targets H3K4 on rRNA	Li et al. (2013)
Burkholderia thailandesis
Bacillus anthracis	BaSET	Yes	SET-domain MTase—targets H1, silencing of host inflammatory response	Mujtaba et al. (2013)
Methanosarcina mezei (archea)	Gö1-SET		SET-domain MTase—targets H4 in vitro	Manzur and Zhou (2005)
Legionella pneumophila strain Paris	RomA	Yes	SET-domain MTase—targets H3K14, silences host response to infection	Rolando et al. (2013)
L. pneumophila strain Philadelphia	LegAS4	Yes	SET-domain MTase—targets H3K4 on rDNA	Li et al. (2013)
L. pneumophila	LppDOT1L		Unknown	Gomez-Valero et al. (2019)
L. pneumophila	PRMTs		Unknown	Cazalet et al. (2004)