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Cytokine processing downstream inflammasome signaling in human cells. IL-1β and IL-18 precursors are inactive and require cleavage by caspase-1 into their mature forms; IL-1α and IL-37 precursors are active, with mature forms that increase the biological activity and receptor affinity. IL-1α and IL-37 could also shuttle to the nucleus to exert their pro-/anti-inflammatory functions.
