Fig 3. Effects of TA on the expression of MMPs, ADAMTSs, collagen type II and aggrecan in IL-1β-stimulated human OA chondrocytes.

Human articular chondrocytes from OA patients were seeded onto 6-well plates (3×10⁵ cells/well) and serum-starved cells were co-treated with various concentrations of TA (2 μM), IL-1R1 (1 μg/ml), or anti-IL-1 neutralizing antibody (1 μg/ml) and IL-1β (10 ng/ml) for 48 h. mRNA and protein expressions of MMPs, ADAMTSs, collagen type II, and aggrecan were detected by qRT-PCR (A) and Western blot analysis (B). The relative quantity of each gene expression was normalized to the relative quantity of human GADPH and β-actin was used as a loading control. # p < 0.05 compared with medium only control group and * p <0.05 compared with IL-1β-treated group.