Compound 44e induces regulated autophagy in TNBC cells. (A) MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were transfected with GFP-mRFP-LC3 adenovirus, following co-incubation with 44e (5 μM) in the presence or absence of BafA1 (10 nM). Scale bar, 10 μm. (B, C) Expression levels of Beclin-1, LC3, and p62 in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells treated with 5 μM 44e, analyzed by Western blotting. GAPDH was used as load control. Error bar shows SD; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 compared with the control groups.