Table 3. Factors that may interfere with screening for primary aldosteronism.

	Aldosterone	DRC	Aldosterone/DRC
β-Adrenergic blockers	↓	↓	↑(FP)
Central agonists (clonidine, α-methyldopa)	↓	↓	↑(FP)
Diuretics	→↑	↑	↓(FN)
Ca2 blockers (DHPs)	→↑	↑	↓(FN)
ACE inhibitors, ARBs	↓	↑	↓(FN)
Advancing age	↓	↓	↑(FP)
Premenopausal women (vs. Male)	→↑	↓	↑(FP)

DRC: direct renin concentration; FP: false positive; FN: false negative; ARBs: angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers; DHP: dihydropyridines.