Table 2. A summary of longitudinal studies evaluating trabecular bone score and fracture risk in men.
| Study | Study population and place of research | Mean age (years) | Mean follow-up (years) | Outcome (number of subjects) | Adjustments | HR or OR per SD decrease in TBS (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leslie and cols., 2014 (30) | 3,620 men aged ≥ 50 years (Canada) | 67.6 | 4.5 | MOF by Fx codes in health service records (n = 183) | Clinical FRAX score, osteoporosis treatment, and LS-BMD | HR = 1.08 (0.92-1.26) |
| Clinical vertebral Fx (n = 91) | HR = 1.02 (0.81-1.27) | |||||
| Hip Fx (n = 46) | HR = 1.44 (1.07-1.94) | |||||
| Iki and cols., 2015 (31) | 1,805 community-dwelling men aged ≥ 65 years (Japan) | 73 | 4.5 (median) | MOF by interviews or mail and telephone surveys (n = 22) | FRAX score (with BMD) | OR = 1.76 (1.16-2.67) |
| McCloskey and cols., 2016 (28) | 17,809 individuals (7,302 men); a meta-analysis of 14 international population-based cohorts (North America, Asia, Australia, and Europe) | 72 | 6.1 | MOF (n = 1,109) | Age, time since baseline, and FRAX score (with BMD) | HR = 1.35 (1.21-1.49) |
| Hip Fx (n = 298) | HR = 1.27 (1.06-1.53) | |||||
| Schousboe and cols., 2016 (32) | 5,863 community-dwelling men aged ≥ 65 years (United States) | 73.7 | 10 | MOF by mail surveys and confirmed by radiographs (n = 448) | FRAX score (with BMD) and prevalent radiographic vertebral Fx | HR = 1.27 (1.17-1.39) |
| Hip Fx (n = 181) | HR = 1.20 (1.05-1.39) | |||||
| Schousboe and cols., 2017 (33) | 5,831 community-dwelling men aged ≥ 65 years (United States) | 73.7 | 11.5 | Clinical vertebral Fx (n = 202) | Age and LS-BMD | OR = 1.19 (1.02-1.38) |
| 4,309 community-dwelling men aged ≥ 65 years | Not described | 4.6 | Radiographic vertebral Fx (n = 196) | OR = 1.11 (0.94-1.30) | ||
| Su and cols., 2017 (29) | 1,923 community-dwelling men aged ≥ 65 years (Hong Kong) | 72.3 | 9.9 | MOF (n = 126) | FRAX score (with BMD) | HR = 1.38 (1.15-1.65) |
BMD: bone mineral density; FRAX: The WHO Fracture Risk Assessment tool; Fx: fracture; HR: hazard ratio; LS: lumbar spine; MOF: major osteoporotic fracture (hip, clinical spine, forearm, and humerus); OR: odds ratio; TBS: trabecular bone score.