Table 2. Studies involving sarcopenic obesity in obese adults by body mass index.
Studies | Population | Obesity | Sarcopenia | Outcome | Methods | Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crispim Carvalho 2019 (46) | Brazil (W) Age:(24-57 years) |
BMI 42.6 kg/m2
*BS indication |
ASMM/Weight ASMM/BMI Lowest quintile (Muscle function was assessed but not entered into the diagnosis) |
Body fat percentage, handgrip strength, six-minute walk test, metabolic perfil, bone mineral density | BIA | ASMM/Weight 30.5% ASMM/BMI 20.33% |
Johnson Stoklossa, Ghosh, 2017 (38) | Canadians (W/M) Age: (46.9 years) |
BMI: 43.5 kg/m2
*BS indication |
ASMM/Weight *Lowest quintile + < 2SD of the group mean |
ADL difficulties | DXA | W: 22.3% M: 41.2% |
Johnson Stoklossa, Sharma, 2017 (96) | Canadians (W/M) Age: (18-69 years) Mean: 46.9 years |
BMI:43.5 kg/m2 *BS indication | – ASMM/Weight – ASMM/BMI – ASMM/fat mass (residual) – ASMM/height # – ASMM # – ASMM # Lowest quintile + < 2SD of the group mean |
_ | DXA | – MMEA/Weight – Newman (residual) M: 17.6%/ W:19.4% – IMM by Prado: 13.3% – MMEA adjusted for weight, BMI and fat mass: W: 12.6-84.5% M: 17.6-100% #did not identify sarcopenia |
Kreidieh, 2018 (37) | Lebanon (W) Age: (33.26 years) |
BMI 31.42 kg/m2
*Overweight and obesity |
ASMM/BMI Cutoff (FINH-0.512 m2) |
Association with DM and SAH | BIA | W: 20.1% |
Mastino, 2016 (90) | Italians (M/H) Age: – Sarcopenic: 44 years – Non-sarcopenic: 47 years |
BMI Sarcopenic: 41.1 kg/m2 Non-sarcopenic: 42.9 kg/m2 |
ASMM/height 2 *Lower tercile (Muscle function was assessed but not entered into the diagnosis) |
Weight loss after BS and resolution of comorbidities (no difference) |
BIA | Not reported |
Poggiogalle, 2016 (35) | Italians 18-65 years Mean: 45.72 years |
BMI: 37.74 kg/m2 |
ASMM/Weight x 100 ASMM/height2 -2 SD below young adult (20-39) |
Metabolic syndrome | DXA | ASMM/Weight x 100 M: 34.8%/W: 50.1% ASMM/height2: M: 1%/W: 0.6% |
Prado, 2014 (45) | Americans (NHANES) Age: ≥ 18 years Mean: M: 44.57 years W: 46.8 years |
Fat mass/height2
(*Decile 50-100) *Obese subgroup by BMI |
ASMM/height2 *Decile 0-49.9 |
_ | DXA | M: 2.3% W: 0.3% |
Srikanthan, 2010 (36) | Americans (NHANES) Age:< 60 years (Mean 37 years) |
BMI > 30 kg/m2 | SMM/Weight x 100 | IR (HOMA-IR) HbA1c Pre-DM DM *risk for all outcomes |
BIA | 3.39% |
NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; BMI: body mass index; SMM: skeletal muscle mass; IR: insulin resistance; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; DM: diabetes mellitus; BIA: bioimpedance; W: women; M: man, ASMM: appendicular skeletal muscle mass; DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; BS: bariatric surgery; ADL: activities of daily living; FNIH: Foundation for the National Institute of Health; SAH: systemic arterial hypertension.
With the exception of the highest cut-off point for the height.