Table 1. Socio-demographic and biochemical characteristics of Brazilian adolescents according to the presence of metabolic syndrome.
| Variable | Metabolic syndrome* (n = 222) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Absent (n = 206) | Present (n = 16) | ||
| Age (years) | 16.0 (1.0) | 16.0 (1.0) | 0.699† |
| Girls (%) | 125 (60.7%) | 10 (62.5%) | 0.889‡ |
| Maternal education (years) | 8.0 (6.0) | 7.0 (7.0) | 0.302† |
| Physical activity (min/week) | 2,160.0 (3,441.5) | 2,641.0 (3,771.8) | 0.647† |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.0 (3.6) | 30.2 (8.3) | < 0.001† |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 69.7 (8.7) | 93.6 (18.3) | < 0.001† |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 94.6 (8.2) | 112.0 (15.0) | < 0.001† |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 32.5 (5.0) | 36.1 (5.7) | < 0.001† |
| Triceps skinfold (mm) | 13.1 (10.1) | 30.2 (9.2) | < 0.001† |
| Subscapular skinfold (mm) | 11.3 (6.7) | 33.7 (15.8) | < 0.001† |
| Body fat percentage (%) | 18.0 (12.7) | 27.7 (5.9) | < 0.001† |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116.0 (13.0) | 124.5 (14.0) | 0.002 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 61.0 (8.0) | 66.0 (13.0) | 0.001 |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 62.0 (15.3) | 54.5 (17.5) | 0.080 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 82.0 (40.3) | 107.0 (62.3) | 0.011 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 102.0 (13.0) | 106.5 (9.3) | 0.008 |
| Insulin (mIU/l) | 9.1 (6.8) | 16.6 (18.0) | < 0.001† |
| HOMA-IR | 2.3 (1.8) | 4.5 (5.5) | < 0.001† |
BMI: body mass index; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance.
*
Values were expressed as the median (interquartile range).
†
Mann-Whitney U test.
‡
Chi-square test.