Figure 4.

Ozone response to 5 Tg SO${}_{\text{2}}$ injection (SSP3-70 July 25, 2025) as a function of latitude. The latitudes of eruption for panels (a) through (f) are: 58${}^{\circ }$N, 42${}^{\circ }$N, 14${}^{\circ }$N, 1${}^{\circ }$S, 17${}^{\circ }$S, and 50${}^{\circ }$S, respectively, with the latitude and date of SO${}_{\text{2}}$ injection indicated by a green triangle and a dashed line in each panel. In all graphical panels, computed metrics reflect the percent change in ozone between the volcanic eruption perturbation model ensemble and the baseline control ensemble shown for a 4-year time-horizon. Main panels (bottom left): Response of total column ozone in percent to the volcanic eruption as indicated in the colorbar (note that colorbar levels increment non-linearly). Top left panels: Global average response of total column ozone over time as indicated in the left scale. Bottom right panels: Response of total column ozone average over time versus latitude. Green shading in the top left and bottom right panels illustrates the variation (2$\sigma$) in the eruption perturbation ensemble; note that the increment between dashed lines in these panels is 4%. Top right corner panel: 3-year extra-polar hemispherical average (0${}^{\circ }$–80${}^{\circ }$N and 0${}^{\circ }$–80${}^{\circ }$S) and global average (80${}^{\circ }$S–80${}^{\circ }$N) of the total column ozone deviation, ordered as NH, Global, SH.