Figure 5.

Ideal age of air response to 5 Tg SO${}_{\text{2}}$ injection (SSP3-70 July 25, 2025) as a function of latitude and time, where ideal age is a modeled variable that describes the age of air relative to its transport from the surface. In both panels, computed metrics reflect the difference between the eruption perturbation ensemble and the control ensemble with a 4-year time-horizon, and the latitude and date of SO${}_{\text{2}}$ injection is indicated by a green triangle and a dashed line. The latitudes of eruption are 42${}^{\circ }$N and 50${}^{\circ }$S for panels (a) and (b), respectively.