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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Gerontol. 2022 Oct 21;47(1):50–65. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2137449

Table 4.

Preliminary efficacy outcomes comparing pre- and post-intervention scores

Baseline Follow up
Person with dementia N M SD M SD P-Value
FAQ dependence (0–30) 20 24.3 5.0 25.5 5.3 0.237
NPI-Q Severity (0–36) 20 16.2 8.0 11.8 8.9 0.004
Caregiver
NPI-Q Distress (0–60) 20 19.8 13.5 12.0 11.8 0.001
Caregiver Strain Index (0–26) 20 13.3 5.6 10.7 6.4 0.003
ZBI-6 Burden (0–24) 20 10.4 5.4 9.1 6.2 0.179
PCS Competence (0–4) 20 2.1 0.7 2.6 0.7 0.000
Positive aspects of caregiving (9–45) 20 33.0 7.7 34.4 7.6 0.344
Unmet needs (0–34) 20 15.7 8.6 9.4 6.9 0.000
EEDS dementia knowledge (0–14) 21 10.0 1.7 11.2 1.4 0.005
ISEL-12 appraisal support (4–16) 20 12.3 3.5 13.3 3.1 0.194
ISEL-12 belonging support (4–16) 20 11.9 3.4 12.3 3.0 0.577
ISEL-12 tangible support (4–16) 20 12.5 2.5 12.9 3.0 0.587
COPE 28 problem focused (8–32) 20 21.9 5.6 24.8 4.8 0.041
COPE 28 emotion focused (12–48) 20 30.9 4.9 32.7 5.8 0.120
COPE 28 avoidant focused (8–32) 20 13.1 3.4 12.3 3.1 0.234
CES-D-10 depression (0–30) 20 8.8 4.3 5.4 4.1 0.008
SPANE-Positive affect (6–30) 20 22.3 5.0 25.4 3.4 0.001
SPANE-Negative affect (6–30) 20 13.2 3.5 11.3 3.2 0.056
Perceived health (1–4) 20 2.5 0.8 2.5 0.7 0.999

Bold: p<0.05