Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Apr 7;14:1158003. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1158003

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2023 Stoks, Bear, Vijgen, Dendale, Peeters, Volders and Cluitmans.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Measurement of the cardiac transmembrane action potential (TMP), bipolar electrogram and unipolar electrogram (UEG). The TMP is recorded by inserting an Ag/AgCl electrode filled with KCl in the intracellular space and using the extracellular potential as a reference. The number of myofibers is reduced for illustration purposes. The extracellular UEG is commonly referenced against electrically inactive tissue (e.g., aortic root, inferior vena cava (IVC)). The bipolar electrogram, measuring current in only one direction (from anode to cathode, see blue arrow), is equal to the subtraction of the UEG measured at location 4 from the UEG measured at location 5.