Table 2.

Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients taking only iv PPIs at baseline compared with patients not prescribed PPIs during hospitalisation or at discharge.

	IV PPI at baseline	Non-PPI at baseline	P value
Baseline Clinical Characteristics
Number	67	295
Mean age, yrs (SD)	54 (9.3)	53.5 (10.6)	0.90
Male	46 (68.7%)	208 (70.5%)	0.71
Female	21 (31.3%)	87 (29.5%)	0.71
Alcohol	63 (94%)	257 (87.1%)	0.14
Alcoholic Hepatitis	10 (15.2%)	70 (23.7%)	0.11
Albumin treatment	36 (53.7%)	150 (50.8%)	0.31
NSBB use	9 (13.4%)	37 (12.5%)	0.85
Suspected Variceal Bleed	41 (62.1%)	14 (4.75%)	3.97574757 773517E-31∗
Ascites	38 (56.7%)	208 (70.5%)	0.02∗
Use of antibiotics	55 (82.1%)	137 (46.4%)	0.000014∗
MELD Score – median (95% CI)	19.2 (17.5–21.6)	19.58 (18.6–20.6)	0.69
Serum Albumin g/L – median (95% CI)	24 (23–25)	24 (23–24)	0.70
Creatinine mmol/L – median (95% CI)	74 (67–79)	66 (63–69)	0.06
WCC x109/L – median (95% CI)	7 (6.5–8.7)	8.1 (7.5–8.8)	0.14
CRP mg/L - median (95% CI)	20 (14–28)	23 (21–29)	0.25
Bilirubin mg/L - median (95% CI)	85 (64–109)	109 (94–127)	0.13
Primary Clinical Outcomes
Diagnosis of infection at randomisation	19 (28.4%)	80 (27.1%)	0.86
Incidence of new infection (days 3–15)	16 (23.9%)	54 (18.3%)	0.30
New infection reported as SBP	1 (1.5%)	5 (1.7%)	N/A
HE at randomisation (all grades)	22 (33.3%)	46 (15.6%)	0.0011∗
Incidence of new grade III/IV HE (days 3–15)	10 (14.9%)	11 (3.7%)	0.0004∗
Incidence of new grade I/II HE (days 3–15)	6 (8.95%)	22 (7.5%)	0.68
Secondary Clinical Outcomes
Incidence of renal dysfunction (days 3–15)	12 (17.9%)	32 (10.9%)	0.11
Incidence of death during hospitalisation (days 3–15)	11 (16.4%)	24 (8.5%)	0.04∗
28-day mortality	17 (25.4%)	40 (13.6%)	0.02∗
90-day mortality	18 (26.9%)	67 (22.7%)	0.47
180-day mortality	23 (34.3%)	95 (32.2%)	0.74

∗P values < 0.05.