Table 3.
Current MS therapies
| Drug | Indication | Main Impact | Mechanism of Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| IFN-β-1a | Relapsing MS | Immunomodulation | Inhibits T cell division and CNS infiltration; Induces Tregs and suppressor B cells |
| Glatiramer acetate | Relapsing MS | Immunomodulation | Competes with peptide binding to MHC |
| Teriflunomide | Relapsing MS | Immunomodulation | Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor |
| Dimethyl fumarate | Relapsing MS | Immunomodulation | NRF2 activation/antioxidant signaling |
| Diroximel fumarate | Relapsing MS | Immunomodulation | NRF2 activation/antioxidant signaling |
| Fingolimod | Relapsing MS | Inhibition of immune cell trafficking | Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator |
| Siponimod | Relapsing MS SPMS | Inhibition of immune cell trafficking | Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator |
| Ozanimod | Relapsing MS | Inhibition of immune cell trafficking | Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist |
| Ponesimod | Relapsing MS | Inhibition of immune cell trafficking | Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) modulator |
| Natalizumab | RRMS | Inhibition of immune cell trafficking | Anti-VLA-4 monoclonal antibody |
| Cladribine | Relapsing MS | Immunodepletion | Purine analog |
| Alemtuzumab | Relapsing MS | Immunodepletion | Anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody |
| Ocrelizumab | Relapsing MS PPMS | Immunodepletion | Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody |
| Ofatumumab | Relapsing MS | Immunodepletion | Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody |