Table 2.
Primary and secondary outcomes grouped by etiology of ARDS.
| Parameter | COVID-19 n = 64 |
Non-COVID n = 30 |
T-test or Chi-square p = 0.05 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 90-day negative composite | 15 (23) | 7 (23) | p = 0.99 |
| CT findings | |||
| Fibrotic changes, n (%) | 45 (70) | 13 (43) | p = 0.022 |
| Ground-glass opacity, n (%) | 52 (81) | 12 (40) | p < 0.001 |
| Time to CT scan, days | 89 ± 38 | 117 ± 55 | p = 0.023 |
| Spirometry | n = 55 | n = 24 | |
| FEV1 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | p = 0.84 |
| FEV1% predicted | 67 ± 17 | 66 ± 20 | p = 0.83 |
| FVC | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | p = 0.081 |
| FVC % predicted | 63.9 ± 19 | 71 ± 20 | p = 0.157 |
| 6 MWT (n) | n = 51 | n = 8 | |
| Distance, meters, mean ± SD | 229 ± 131 | 260 ± 169 | p = 0.63 |
| 6 MWD % | 44 ± 26 | 46 ± 32 | p = 0.87 |
| Cognitive and emotional outcomes | n = 52 | n = 25 | |
| MOCA, mean ± SD | 25.6 ± 3.4 | 24.0 ± 3.6 | t = 1.92, p = 0.062 |
| MCI (cutoff < 25) yes, n (%) | 19 (37) | 12 (54) | p = 0.151 |
| EQ-5D VAS, mean ± SD | 69.3 ± 16 | 55.3 ± 20 | t = 2.94, p = 0.006 |
| IES-R, mean ± SD | 26.1 ± 22 | 36.8 ± 24 | t = 1.88, p = 0.066 |
| IES-R cutoff > 33, yes, n (%) | 17 (32) | 15 (60) | p = 0.047 |
| HADS-anxiety, mean ± SD | 6.5 ± 4.8 | 9.3 ± 5.5 | t = 2.18, p = 0.035 |
| HADS-anxiety cutoff > 8, yes, n (%) | 15 (29) | 16 (64) | p = 0.012 |
| HADS-depression, mean ± SD | 5.9 ± 4.1 | 8.1 ± 5.5 | t = 1.78, p = 0.083 |
| HADS-depression cutoff > 8, yes, n (%) | 13 (25) | 12 (48) | p = 0.069 |
ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, LTAC long-term acute care facility, Acute acute rehabilitation facility, Home with HH home with home health services, ER emergency room visit, CT commuted tomography, FVC forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second, MOCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MCI mild cognitive impairment, EQ-5D VAS Euro-Quality of Life5 Dimension-Visual Analog Scale, IES-R impact of events scale revised, HADS hospital anxiety and depression scale.