Table 3.
Clinical variables and patient-outcomes grouped by fibrotic changes on CT images at short-term follow-up.
| Parameter | Fibrotic changes n = 58 |
No fibrotic changes n = 36 |
T-test/Chi-square p = 0.05 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 55.5 ± 13 | 49.4 ± 12.4 | p =0.018 |
| Male, n (%) | 37 (64) | 11 (31) | p = 0.003 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 33 ± 7 | 37.6 ± 9.5 | p = 0.035 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, mean ± SD | 2.8 ± 1.9 | 2.3 ± 2.1 | p = 0.135 |
| MV duration, days, mean ± SD | 17.6 ± 10.5 | 15.0 ± 14 | p = 0.067 |
| Fi02, highest in first 72 h, mean ± SD | 87 ± 17 | 87 ± 20 | p = 0.965 |
| PEEP, highest in first 72 h, mean ± SD | 12.6 ± 3.2 | 13.5 ± 4.6 | p = 0.315 |
| Oxygenation (HFNC + MV, days, mean ± SD | 21 ± 11 | 16 ± 14 | p = 0.003 |
| SOFA, mean ± SD | 11.5 ± 2.5 | 10.6 ± 2.4 | p = 0.089 |
| RASS in first 72 h, mean ± SD | − 3.5 ± 1.2 | − 2.8 ± 1.3 | p = 0.005 |
| ICU LOS, mean ± SD | 24.4 ± 14 | 19.3 ± 15 | p = 0.015 |
| Hospital LOS, mean ± SD | 34 ± 16 | 27 ± 18 | p = 0.016 |
| 90-day readmit/ER, yes, n (%) | 12 (21) | 10 (28) | p = 0.460 |
| Spirometry (n) | 52 | 27 | |
| FEV1 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | t = 0.2, p = 0.84 |
| FEV1% predicted | 67 ± 17 | 67 ± 19 | t = 0.2, p = 0.86 |
| FVC | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | t = 0.5, p = 0.61 |
| FVC % predicted | 64 ± 19 | 70 ± 20 | t = 1.5, p = 0.13 |
| 6MWT (n) | 39 | 20 | |
| Distance, meters, mean ± SD | 228.6 ± 121 | 243 ± 162 | t = 0.10, p = 0.92 |
| % of predicted, % mean ± SD | 44 ± 24 | 46 ± 31 | t = 0.09, p = 0.92 |
| QOL and cognitive outcomes (n) | n = 48 | n = 28 | |
| MOCA, mean ± SD | 25 ± 3.3 | 25 ± 4.0 | t = 0.54, p = 0.589 |
| MCI (cutoff < 25) yes/n (%) | 18 (38) | 13 (46) | p = 0.468 |
| EQ-5D VAS, mean ± SD | 67 ± 19 | 62 ± 17 | t = 1.08, p = 0.281 |
| Emotional outcomes (n) | n = 48 | n = 28 | |
| IES-R, mean ± SD | 26 ± 22 | 36 ± 25 | t = 1.688, p = 0.098 |
| IES-R cutoff > 33, yes, n (%) | 15 (31) | 17 (61) | p = 0.016 |
| HADS-anxiety, mean ± SD | 6.9 ± 5.2 | 8.3 ± 5.0 | t = 1.10, p = 0.275 |
| HADS-anxiety cutoff > 8, yes, n (%) | 18 (38) | 13 (46) | p = 0.477 |
| HADS-depression, mean ± SD | 6.0 ± 4.5 | 7.7 ± 4.9 | t = 1.52, p = 0.135 |
| HADS-depression cutoff > 8, yes, n (%) | 14 (29) | 11 (39) | p = 0.450 |
MOCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MCI mild cognitive impairment, VAS visual analog scale, HADS hospital anxiety and depression scale, IES-R impact of events scale-revised, PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder.