Table 1.

A representative sample of spaceflight studies reporting effects of altered gravity on the sensorimotor, cognitive, and socio-affective domains.

Reference	Function	Non-terrestrial gravity methods	Sample size	Estimated effect size
Sensorimotor domain
de Witt et al. (2010)	Locomotion	Parabolic flight	5	d > 1, Strong
Bringoux et al. (2012)	Goal-directed movements	Parabolic flight	8	${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.43$ , Strong
H. S. Cohen et al. (2012)	Posture	Spaceflight	15	d = 1.6, Strong
Kornilova et al. (2012)	Gaze control	Spaceflight	26	d = 2.81, Strong
Lowrey et al. (2014)	Somatosensation	Spaceflight	11	d = 1.03, Strong
Senot et al. (2012)	Interceptive actions	Parabolic flight	37	d > 1, Strong
Crevecoeur et al. (2014)	Kinematic	Parabolic flight	12	d = 4.2, Strong
Ritzmann et al. (2016)	Locomotion	Parabolic flight	8	d = 4.08, Strong
Cognitive domain
Messerotti Benvenuti et al. (2011)	Brain plasticity	Head-down bed rest	22	d = 0.266, Weak
Zhao et al. (2011)	Working memory	Head-down bed rest	44	No effects of gravity, Weak
Dalecki et al. (2013)	Mental rotation?	Parabolic flight	6	No effects of gravity, Weak
Dolenc & Petrič (2013)	Verbal memory	Head-down bed rest	15	d = 0.62, Medium
Jiang et al. (2013)	Cognitive judgements	Head-down bed rest	16	No effects of gravity, Weak
Basner et al. (2015)	Abstract reasoning	Sleep deprivation	44	d = 0.65, Medium
Liu, Zhou, et al. (2015a)	Working memory	Head-down bed rest	16	η2 = .146, Medium
Steinberg et al. (2015)	Control efficacy	Parabolic flight	12	η2 = .64, Strong
Socio-affective domain
Rai et al. (2012)	Fatigue	Mars analogue	30	η2 = .17, Strong
Dern et al. (2014)	Mood and emotion	Altered gravity	16	d = .95, Strong
Stavrou et al. (2015)	Mood and emotion	Head-down bed rest	11	${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.583$ , Strong
I. Cohen et al. (2016)	Work performance and cognitive and affective variables	Mars analogue	6	Weak (qualitatively estimated)
Stavrou et al. (2018a)	Mood and emotion	Head-down bed rest	11	${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.28$ , Strong
Stavrou et al. (2018b)	Fatigue	Head-down bed rest	11	${\eta }_{\mathrm{p}}^2=.166$ , Medium
Weber et al. (2019)	Mood and cognition	Isolation	16	No effects of gravity, Weak