Fig. 2.
Population structure analysis of 47 European A. myosuroides populations with 109,924 genome-wide ddRAD-seq markers. (A) Maximum-likelihood tree. Branch ends are marked in country colors. TSR mutations for ALS and ACCase in each individual are indicated in the outer and inner rings, respectively. (B) Principal component analysis (PCA) showing the first two eigenvectors, with explained genetic variance in parentheses. Colors reflect country-specific origin of the populations. (C) Heatmap of fixation index (FST) values in contrast between the different populations, ranging from close to 0 (blue) to 0.06 (dark red). Populations are clustered by similarity of FST patterns, and colors of the branch tips indicate countries of origin of the populations. (D) Admixture proportions with ancestry groups of K = 9. Admixture proportions with ancestry groups of K = 7 and K = 8 can be found in SI Appendix, Fig. S4. Each bar corresponds to one individual, grouped by country [Austria (AT), Belgium (BE), Switzerland (CH), Germany (DE), France (FR), Luxembourg (LX), Netherlands (NL), Poland (PL), United Kingdom (UK)].