Table 3.

The AUC comparison of XGB model and nomogram (based on multivariable logistic regression analysis) in different sets

ML models	AUC	S. E	95% CI	Z statistic	p
Train set
XGB	0.907	0.00528	0.896—0.918	77.248	< 0.0001
nomogram	0.802	0.0232	0.782—0.822	13.029	< 0.0001
Test set
XGB	0.827	0.0299	0.796—0.855	10.910	< 0.0001
nomogram	0.838	0.0346	0.808—0.865	9.764	< 0.0001
External validation set
XGB	0.754	0.0517	0.663—0.831	4.915	< 0.0001
nomogram	0.706	0.0579	0.611—0.789	3.556	0.0004