TABLE 2.

Summary of experimental conditions investigating in vitro effects of IFN-γ

Category	Findings	Experimental model	Age	Species	Reported IFN-γ concentration or activity	Timing of IFN-γ treatment	Study
Proliferation	decreased neurosphere formation	NSC/neurospheres	Adult	Mouse	1–100 ng/mL	7–10 days	Li et al.124
	decreased proliferation	Primary neurons	Postnatal	Rat	50 ng/mL	Added at time of plating	Gomez et al.129
	decreased proliferation	NSCs	Embryonic	Mouse	100–1000 U/mL	48 h	Walter et al.125
	decreased proliferation	NSC/neurospheres	Adult	Mouse	100 U/mL	Added at time of plating and every 2 days after; analyzed at DIV 4-6	Wong et al.126
	increased neurosphere formation	NSC/neurospheres	Embryonic	Mouse	1–50 ng/mL	7–10 days	Li et al.124
	inhibited neurosphere growth	Primary NSPC	Embryonic	Mouse	1–1000 U/mL	3–7 days (added at time of plating)	Kulkarni et al.57
	no effect on proliferation	NSCs	Embryonic	Mouse	1–10 U/mL	48 h	Walter et al.125
Differentiation	decrease differentiation (only in differentiation media)	NPCs	Embryonic	Mouse	5–50 ng/mL	2 days	Ahn et al.127
	differentiation into abnormal phenotype	NSCs	Embryonic	Mouse	1000 U/mL	3 days	Walter et al.125
	increased differtiation and neurogenesis	NSC/neurospheres	Adult	Mouse	100 U/mL	24–72 h (added at time of differentiation)	Wong et al.126
Neurotoxicity	dendritic beading	Primary cortical neurons; slice cultures	Embryonic; newborn	Mouse	100 ng/mL	48 h (added on DIV13)	Mizuno et al.22
	dendritic beading	Cultured spinal motor neurons	Embryonic	Mouse	100 ng/mL	12 h (added on DIV13)	Sengupta et al.147
	increased apoptosis; restricted cell cycle	Primary NSPC	Embryonic	Mouse	100–1000 U/mL	72 h	Kulkarni et al.57
	not protective against glutamate neurotoxicity	Hippocampal cultures	Embryonic	Rat	1–100 U/mL	48 h (prior to glutamate treatment)	Lee et al.148
	protective against glutamate neurotoxicity	Hippocampal cultures	Embryonic	Rat	10 U/mL	48 h (prior to glutamate treatment)	Lee et al.148
Neurite Outgrowth	increased neurite outgrowth	NSC/neurospheres	Adult	Mouse	100 U/mL	3 days (added at time of plating)	Wong et al.126
	increased neurite outgrowth	hIPSC-derived NPC	Adult	Human	25 ng/mL	Daily for 4 days (DIV 17-20), then plated terminally, analyzed DIV26-40	Warre-Cornish et al.139
Gene Regulation	ASD/SZ-like gene dysregulation and transcriptional changes	hIPSC-derived NPC/neurons	Adult	Human	25 ng/mL	Once on DIV18 or DIV30; daily for 5 days (DIV17-21); daily for 5 days (DIV17-21) plus on DIV30	Warre-Cornish et al.139