Table 2. Clinical outcomes of patients older than 65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus, after propensity score stabilized weights.
| Outcome | Pioglitazone (n = 16730.1) | Non-pioglitazone (n = 174490) | HR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Event (Incidence, per 100 person-years) | ||||
| MACCE_CABG | 131.32 (0.16) | 1844.33 (0.21) | 0.72 (0.59–0.88) | 0.0000 |
| MACCE_AMI | 308.94 (0.37) | 4110.03 (0.46) | 0.79 (0.70–0.90) | 0.0000 |
| MACCE_PCI | 847.65 (1.03) | 10276.31 (1.17) | 0.87 (0.81–0.94) | 0.0000 |
| MACCE_Stroke | 1276.19 (1.56) | 14942.54 (1.72) | 0.91 (0.86–0.97) | 0.0000 |
| MACCE related death | 623.47 (0.74) | 7723.8 (0.85) | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.0600 |
| MACCEa | 2074.67 (2.76) | 23565.03 (3.03) | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | 0.0000 |
| Heart failure | 2186.06 (2.77) | 24037.66 (2.86) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.8100 |
| New-diagnosis dementia | 1083.70 (1.32) | 12776.24 (1.46) | 0.91 (0.84–0.98) | 0.0100 |
| New- diagnosis fracture | 3967.46 (5.37) | 36043.9 (4.47) | 1.24 (1.19–1.28) | 0.0000 |
| Infection | 3499.31 (4.53) | 37302.6 (4.53) | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) | 0.0400 |
| Infection related death | 1189.23 (1.40) | 13588.7 (1.50) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 0.6100 |
| All-cause mortality | 2140.48 (2.53) | 24770.19 (2.74) | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) | 0.0700 |
aMACCE: major advanced cardiovascular events, any coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), myocardial infarction (MI), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), cardiogenic shock, new-diagnosis heart failure, coronary revascularization, malignant arrhythmia, or cerebrovascular events; Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio (pioglitazone vs. non-pioglitazone) and non-pioglitazone was the reference group).