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. 2023 Apr 21;48(9):101749. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101749

Table 3.

Clinical characteristics from the National Inpatient Sample among HF-2019 vs HF-2020 and HF-COVID+ve vs HF-COVID−ve groups

Clinical characteristics
HF-2019 (N = 953,405) HF-2020 (N = 783,015) P-value HF-2020 (N = 783,015)
HF-COVID−ve (N = 775,225) HF-COVID+ve (N = 7790) P-value
Comorbidities
Hypertension 93% 93% 0.7775 93% 94% 0.511
Diabetes mellitus 49% 50% 0.0428 50% 53% 0.0031
Dyslipidemia 52% 57% <0.005 57% 55% 0.992
Smoking 14% 16% <0.005 16% 11% <0.005
Obesity 27% 30% <0.005 30% 28% 0.1002
Known coronary artery disease 53% 53% 0.3899 53% 50% 0.0681
Previous myocardial infarction 17% 17% <0.005 17% 16% 0.1742
Previous percutaneous coronary intervention 14% 13% <0.005 13% 14% 0.5224
Previous coronary artery bypass graft 14% 13% <0.005 12% 13% 0.5076
Atrial fibrillation 32% 29% <0.005 29% 31% 0.156
Valvular heart disease 29% 29% <0.005 29% 25% <0.005
In-hospital events
Acute myocardial infarction 6.6% 8.9% <0.005 8.9% 9.7% 0.2568
Complete heart block 0.9% 1.1% <0.005 1.1% 1.3% 0.4426
Cerebrovascular accidents (per 10,000) 37 47 <0.005 47 71 0.1707
Pulmonary embolism (per 10,000) 69 93 <0.005 93 103 0.6973
Acute respiratory failure 33% 36% <0.005 36% 37% 0.2928
Acute kidney injury 34% 37% <0.005 37% 40% 0.0059
Septic shock (per 10,000) 41 54 <0.005 53 154 <0.005
Cardiogenic shock 3.4% 4.1% <0.005 3.4% 4.1% 0.1495
Gastrointestinal bleed 1.9% 2.2% <0.005 2.2% 2.7% 0.1818
All bleeds 2.4% 2.8% <0.005 2.8% 3.5% 0.2928
Procedures
Intra-aortic balloon pump (per 10,000) 32 38 0.0968 38 71 0.0763
Peripheral ventricular assist device (per 10,000) 32 38 0.0911 38 45 0.6386
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (per 10,000) 6.7 8.9 0.1188 8 13 0.5618
Left ventricular assist device (per 10,000) 18 20 0.5852 20 26 0.5832
Coronary artery bypass graft (per 10,000) 19 23 0.0135 23 19 0.7346
Percutaneous coronary intervention (per 10,000) 120 130 <0.005 134 51 0.046
Noninvasive ventilation 9.7% 9.6% 0.758 9.6% 8.4% 0.1338
Invasive mechanical ventilation 2.0% 2.5% <0.005 2.5% 5.2% <0.005