Table 2.
Perceived negative political climate among Hispanic adolescents before and after the 2020 U.S. Presidential elections
| Before | After | Difference | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | Δ | % Change | ||
|
| |||||||
| Item 1. With the current political situation, I have felt more fearful | |||||||
| Strongly Disagree | 30 | 9.87 | 20 | 9.26 | −0.61 | −6.18 | .847 |
| Disagree | 54 | 17.8 | 50 | 23.2 | 5.39 | 30.3 | .140 |
| Somewhat disagree | 51 | 16.8 | 49 | 22.7 | 5.91 | 35.2 | .036* |
| Somewhat agree | 67 | 22.0 | 64 | 29.6 | 7.59 | 34.4 | .063 |
| Agree | 69 | 22.7 | 27 | 12.5 | −10.2 | −44.9 | .003* |
| Strongly Agree | 33 | 10.9 | 6 | 2.78 | −8.08 | −74.4 | <.001* |
| Mean (SD) | 3.73 | 1.54 | 3.21 | 1.27 | −.521 | −13.9 | <.001* |
| Item 2. Tougher immigration laws make me afraid for my or my family’s future in this country | |||||||
| Strongly Disagree | 54 | 17.8 | 25 | 11.6 | −6.19 | −34.9 | .056 |
| Disagree | 44 | 14.5 | 39 | 18.1 | 3.59 | 24.8 | .114 |
| Somewhat disagree | 31 | 10.2 | 23 | 10.7 | .450 | 4.41 | .758 |
| Somewhat agree | 45 | 14.8 | 44 | 20.4 | 5.57 | 37.6 | .216 |
| Agree | 66 | 21.7 | 49 | 22.7 | .980 | 4.51 | .414 |
| Strongly Agree | 64 | 21.1 | 36 | 16.7 | −4.38 | −20.8 | .011* |
| Mean (SD) | 3.82 | 1.81 | 3.75 | 1.65 | −.070 | −1.84 | .520 |
| Item 3. With the current political situation, I think students are more afraid about what may happen to them or their families | |||||||
| Strongly Disagree | 16 | 5.25 | 7 | 3.23 | −2.02 | −38.5 | 1.00 |
| Disagree | 18 | 5.90 | 17 | 7.83 | 1.93 | 32.7 | .317 |
| Somewhat disagree | 23 | 7.54 | 23 | 10.6 | 3.06 | 40.6 | .106 |
| Somewhat agree | 65 | 21.3 | 55 | 25.4 | 4.04 | 19.0 | .497 |
| Agree | 92 | 30.2 | 69 | 31.8 | 1.64 | 5.44 | .915 |
| Strongly Agree | 91 | 29.8 | 46 | 21.2 | −8.64 | −29.0 | .006* |
| Mean (SD) | 4.66 | 1.31 | 4.38 | 1.32 | −.278 | −5.96 | .012* |
| Item 4. I am worried what the end of DACA and other protections would do to my family or friends | |||||||
| Strongly Disagree | 42 | 13.8 | 13 | 5.99 | −7.78 | −56.5 | .004* |
| Disagree | 45 | 14.8 | 26 | 12.0 | −2.77 | −18.8 | .746 |
| Somewhat disagree | 39 | 12.8 | 37 | 17.1 | 4.26 | 33.3 | .258 |
| Somewhat agree | 56 | 18.4 | 40 | 18.4 | .070 | .381 | .900 |
| Agree | 67 | 22.0 | 57 | 26.3 | 4.30 | 19.6 | .204 |
| Strongly Agree | 56 | 18.4 | 44 | 20.3 | 1.92 | 10.5 | .505 |
| Mean (SD) | 3.88 | 1.70 | 4.07 | 1.51 | .190 | 4.89 | .056 |
| Item 5. I am worried that people I love will be deported | |||||||
| Strongly Disagree | 55 | 18.0 | 16 | 7.37 | −10.7 | −59.1 | .004* |
| Disagree | 32 | 10.5 | 31 | 14.3 | 3.80 | 36.2 | .746 |
| Somewhat disagree | 16 | 5.25 | 23 | 10.6 | 5.35 | 102 | .258 |
| Somewhat agree | 40 | 13.1 | 36 | 16.6 | 3.48 | 26.5 | .900 |
| Agree | 68 | 22.3 | 50 | 23.0 | .740 | 3.32 | .204 |
| Strongly Agree | 94 | 30.8 | 61 | 28.1 | −2.71 | −8.79 | .505 |
| Mean (SD) | 4.10 | 1.85 | 4.18 | 1.64 | .079 | 1.92 | .447 |
| Item 6. I worry about attacks against Hispanic/Latinos | |||||||
| Strongly Disagree | 42 | 13.8 | 1 | 11 | −2.82 | −20.4 | .019* |
| Disagree | 34 | 11.2 | 7 | 3.24 | −7.94 | −71.0 | .001* |
| Somewhat disagree | 21 | 6.91 | 13 | 6.02 | −.890 | −12.9 | .695 |
| Somewhat agree | 59 | 19.4 | 28 | 13.0 | −6.45 | −33.2 | .116 |
| Agree | 78 | 25.7 | 75 | 34.7 | 9.06 | 35.3 | .042* |
| Strongly Agree | 70 | 23.0 | 82 | 38.0 | 14.9 | 64.8 | <.001* |
| Mean (SD) | 4.18 | 1.67 | 4.83 | 1.35 | .647 | 15.5 | <.001* |
Note. The McNemar’s test for paired nominal data was used to determine whether there was a significant change in item response options. Paired T-tests were used to define whether the mean difference between two observations (before vs. after) were equal to zero.
*
= p < .05 or lower