TABLE 2.

Value matrix of standardized residuals (or Pearson residuals), indicating the strength of association (by using different colors) between different latitudinal bin versus ornamentation type. A larger positive value implies a stronger attraction between the corresponding row and column variable, and vice versa. It should be noticed that only the second and third columns are used for testing the latitudinal trend (see Figure 2a,b).

Latitude	Smooth (S), marked with only growth lines	Ornamented (O)	Ornamented (O)
			Radial ornament (RO)	Concentric ornament (CO)	Spine and others (SO)	Multiple types (M)
70°–80° N	0.535	−0.658	−0.628	−0.674	−0.374	0.395
60°–70° N	0.852	−1.048	−0.694	−0.909	−0.504	−0.205
50°–60° N	−0.271	0.333	0.169	−1.24	0.773	1.147
40°–50° N	−0.054	0.066	0.246	−0.460	1.246	−0.548
30°–40° N	0.732	−0.900	−0.651	−1.001	−0.209	0.019
20°–30° N	−0.331	0.407	0.667	0.342	0.591	−0.943
10°–20° N	−0.576	0.709	0.877	0.498	−0.209	−0.391
0°–10° N	0.182	−0.224	0.151	0.392	−0.858	−0.827
10°–0° S	0.724	−0.890	−1.544	−0.803	−0.820	2.078
20°–10° S	0.790	−0.972	−0.505	−1.078	1.223	−1.064
30°–20° S	−0.838	1.031	1.068	0.498	−0.209	−0.019
40°–30° S	−1.542	1.897	1.638	0.569	−0.177	0.929
50°–40° S	0.145	−0.179	−0.231	0.333	0.273	−0.356
60°–50° S	−0.057	0.071	−0.542	1.722	−0.730	0.263
70°–60° S	0.934	−1.149	−1.836	1.014	−0.552	0.434
80°–70° S	0.762	−0.938	−1.186	0.418	−0.451	0.018

Standardized residuals:
3.001 to 6
1.501 to 3
1.001 to 1.5
0.501 to 1
0 to 0.5
−0.5 to 0
−1 to −0.501
−1.5 to −1.001
−3 to −1.501