Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristics | Whole imaging set (n = 32,121) | Incident atrial fibrillation (n = 193) | Incident heart failure (n = 209) | Incident myocardial infarction (n = 218) | Incident stroke (n = 199) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age mean (std) | 63.3 (± 7.5) | 66.9 (± 6.4) | 68.7 (± 6.2) | 66.2 (± 7.3) | 67 (± 8) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 16,658 (51.7%) | 59 (30.6%) | 72 (34.4%) | 66 (30.3%) | 75 (37.7%) |
| Townsend Deprivation Index, median (IQR) | −2.0 (3.3) | −2.6 (2.9) | −2.6 (2.9) | −2.5 (3.8) | −3.0 (2.5) |
| Body mass index, mean (kg/m2) | 26.6 (± 4.4) | 27.0 (± 4.4) | 28.3 (± 4.9) | 27.7 (± 4.0) | 27.0 (± 3.5) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 2032 (6.3%) | 13 (6.7%)* | 15 (7.2%)* | 20 (9.2%)* | 11 (5.5%)* |
| Diabetes status, n (%) | 993 (3.1%) | 10 (5.2%)* | 15 (7.2%) | 11 (5.0%)* | 8 (4.0%)* |
| Hypertension status, n (%) | 4397 (13.7%) | 54 (28.0%) | 79 (37.8%) | 60 (27.5%) | 42 (21.1%) |
| High cholesterol status, n (%) | 7272 (22.6%) | 49 (25.4%)* | 84 (40.2%) | 64 (29.4%) | 61 (30.7%) |
| IPAQ (MET minutes/week), median [IQR] | 1528 [2360] | 1519 [2892]* | 1470 [2574]* | 1281 [2262]* | 1706 [2419]* |
| Education level, n (%) | |||||
| Left school age 14 or younger | 421 (1.3%) | 2 (1.0%)* | 3 (1.4%) | 2 (0.9%) | 3 (1.5%) ** |
| Left school age 15 or older | 2260 (7.0%) | 13 (6.7%)* | 33 (15.8%) | 26 (11.9%) | 15 (7.5%) |
| High school diploma | 4229 (13.2%) | 32 (16.6%)* | 37 (17.7%) | 39 (17.9%) | 24 (12.1%) |
| Sixth form qualification | 1820 (5.7%) | 11 (5.7%)* | 11 (5.3%) | 13 (6.0%) | 12 (6.0%) |
| Professional qualification | 8953 (27.9%) | 64 (33.2%)* | 57 (27.3%) | 68 (31.2%) | 52 (26.1%) |
| Higher education university degree | 14,438 (44.9%) | 71 (36.8%)* | 68 (32.5%) | 70 (32.1%) | 93 (46.7%) |
| Alcohol intake, n (%) | |||||
| Never | 1547 (4.8%) | 14 (7.3%) | 10 (4.8%) (**) | 14 (6.4%) (**) | 8 (4.0%) (**) |
| Special occasions only | 2646 (8.2%) | 9 (4.7%) | 15 (7.2%) | 20 (9.2%) | 15 (7.5%) |
| 1–3 times a month | 3452 (10.7%) | 17 (8.8%) | 26 (12.4%) | 26 (11.9%) | 23 (11.6%) |
| 1–2 times a week | 8284 (25.8%) | 37 (19.2%) | 55 (26.3%) | 51 (23.4%) | 43 (21.6%) |
| 3–4 times a week | 9094 (28.3%) | 65 (33.7%) | 58 (27.8%) | 61 (28.0%) | 55 (27.6%) |
| Daily or almost daily | 7098 (22.1%) | 51 (26.4%) | 45 (21.5%) | 46 (21.1%) | 55 (27.6%) |
| CMR indices mean (± std) | |||||
| LVEDVi, ml/m2 | 78.5 (± 14.2) | 84.2 (± 21.7) | 88.0 (± 24.9) | 80.2 (± 13.9)* | 81.3 (± 17.3)* |
| LVESVi, ml/m2 | 32.0 (± 8.8) | 36.2 (± 16.1) | 42.6 (± 21.0) | 33.7 (± 10.3) | 35.0 (± 12.0) |
| LVSVi, ml/m2 | 46.5 (± 8.5) | 48.0 (± 11.7) | 45.5 (± 11.0) | 46.5 (± 8.4)* | 46.4 (± 9.1)* |
| LVMi, g/m2 | 45.6 (± 8.9) | 50.8 (± 11.8) | 53.7 (± 14.7) | 49.8 (± 9.4) | 49.8 (± 10.6) |
| LVEF, % | 59.5 (± 6.2) | 57.8 (± 8.5)* | 53.2 (± 10.3) | 58.5 (± 7.6)* | 57.6 (± 7.0) |
| RVEDVi, ml/m2 | 82.9 (± 15.5) | 86.8 (± 17.9) | 82.6 (± 17.8)* | 82.6 (± 15.0)* | 83.7 (± 15.1)* |
| RVESVi, ml/m2 | 35.7 (± 9.4) | 38.9 (± 11.0) | 37.7 (± 11.7) | 36.1 (± 9.4)* | 36.9 (± 9.4)* |
| RVSVi, ml/m2 | 47.2 (± 8.9) | 47.9 (± 10.6)* | 44.9 (± 10.2) | 46.5 (± 8.8)* | 46.9 (± 8.4)* |
| RVEF, % | 57.2 (± 6.2) | 55.5 (± 7.1) | 54.7 (± 7.9) | 56.6 (± 6.5)* | 56.3 (± 5.8) |
Abbreviations: n, number of cases; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; METS, metabolic equivalents; EF, ejection fraction; EDV end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; SV, stroke volume. “*” indicates no statistical differences between the whole population and the incident cardiovascular event using Welch’s t-test for continuous values and chi-squared test for categorical variables (p value > 0.05). “**” indicates no statistical difference for the categorical variables computed as a single groupwise for alcohol intake and education level variables