Table 1:
Characteristics of COVID-19 positive adult donors, by use (vs. non-use) for heart transplant (April 2020 - March 2022)
| All COVID(+) | Transplanted | Not transplanted | p-value7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n | 967 | 187 (19.3%) | 780 (80.7%) | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Female sex | 346 (35.8%) | 34 (18.2%) | 312 (40%) | <.0001 |
| Age (mean ± SD), years | 43.1 ± 13.4 | 31.4 ± 8.4 | 46.0 ± 12.8 | <.0001 |
| Age 18 – 34 | 283 (29.3%) | 124 (66.3%) | 159 (20.4%) | <.0001 |
| Age 35 – 49 | 347 (35.9%) | 59 (31.6%) | 288 (36.9%) | 0.17 |
| Age 50+ | 337 (34.9%) | 4 (2.1%) | 333 (42.7%) | <.0001 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 641 (66.3%) | 113 (60.4%) | 528 (67.7%) | 0.059 |
| Hispanic | 163 (16.9%) | 37 (19.8%) | 126 (16.2%) | 0.23 |
| Black | 134 (13.9%) | 32 (17.1%) | 102 (13.1%) | 0.15 |
| Asian or Other | 29 (3%) | 5 (2.7%) | 24 (3.1%) | 0.77 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 444 (45.9%) | 64 (34.2%) | 380 (48.7%) | 0.0004 |
| Coronary artery disease1 | 78 (8.1%) | 1 (0.5%) | 77 (9.9%) | <.0001 |
| Smoking2 | 181 (18.7%) | 26 (13.9%) | 155 (19.9%) | 0.060 |
| Cocaine use2 | 184 (19%) | 48 (25.7%) | 136 (17.4%) | 0.01 |
| Intravenous drug use2 | 119 (12.3%) | 36 (19.3%) | 83 (10.6%) | 0.0013 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 143 (14.8%) | 9 (4.8%) | 134 (17.2%) | <.0001 |
| Hypertension | 324 (33.5%) | 25 (13.4%) | 299 (38.3%) | <.0001 |
| Cardiac diagnostic findings | ||||
| EF reported (%)3 | 580 (60%) | 187 (100%) | 393 (50.4%) | <.0001 |
| EF < 40% | 25 (8.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 24 (12.2%) | <.0001 |
| EF 40–49% | 13 (2.5%) | 2 (1.1%) | 11 (5.6%) | 0.011 |
| EF ≥ 50% | 347 (89%) | 184 (98.4%) | 163 (82.2%) | <.0001 |
| Wall thickness reported (%)4 | 382 (39.5%) | 130 (69.5%) | 252 (32.3%) | <.0001 |
| mild LVH (1.2–1.3cm) | 65 (17%) | 25 (19.2%) | 40 (15.9%) | 0.41 |
| moderate+ LVH (≥ 1.4 cm) | 32 (8.4%) | 3 (2.3%) | 29 (11.5%) | 0.0021 |
| Other clinical characteristics | ||||
| Blood type | ||||
| A | 368 (38.1%) | 60 (32.1%) | 308 (39.5%) | 0.061 |
| B | 107 (11.1%) | 20 (10.7%) | 87 (11.2%) | 0.86 |
| AB | 32 (3.3%) | 0 (0%) | 32 (4.1%) | 0.0049 |
| O | 460 (47.6%) | 107 (57.2%) | 353 (45.3%) | 0.0033 |
| Cardiac downtime5 | 353 (39.6%) | 92 (54.8%) | 261 (36.1%) | <.0001 |
| Inotrope use | 236 (24.4%) | 47 (25.1%) | 189 (24.2%) | 0.80 |
| Acidemia (pH < 7.35) | 256 (26.5%) | 31 (16.6%) | 225 (28.9%) | 0.0006 |
| COVID test characteristics 6 | ||||
| Source of positive test | ||||
| Upper respiratory- only | 742 (76.7%) | 142 (75.9%) | 600 (76.9%) | 0.77 |
| Lower respiratory- only | 94 (9.7%) | 23 (12.3%) | 71 (9.1%) | 0.19 |
| Both upper and lower respiratory | 131 (13.6%) | 22 (11.8%) | 109 (14.0%) | 0.43 |
| Days since first positive test (mean ± SD) | 7.4 ± 10.3 | 8.1 ± 11.1 | 4.4 ± 5.3 | <.0001 |
| Subsequent negative test | 418 (43.2%) | 125 (66.8%) | 293 (37.6%) | <.0001 |
Includes either reported history of coronary artery disease or positive coronary angiogram
Includes current or prior use
Calculated prevalence of EF by strata (< 40, 40–49…) includes only donors for which EF was reported
Calculated prevalence of LVH by strata (mild, moderate+) includes only donors for which either LV posterior or septal wall thickness was reported. LVH classification was based on the higher of these two measures.
Refers to the occurrence of cardiac arrest between the time of brain death and donor organ recovery. Calculated prevalence excludes 75 donors (19 transplanted, 56 not transplanted) for which downtime was coded as “unknown”.
“Source of positive” is based only on tests performed within 21 days of donor recovery. “Days since first positive” is based on any tests performed within 60 days of donor recovery. “Subsequent negative” refers to any case where the last upper or lower respiratory test performed prior to donor recovery was negative.
Based on chi-squared test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables.
COVID = coronavirus-19; EF = ejection fraction; LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy