Table 1.

List of inhibitors for glycation repair and detoxification systems with possible cancer applications

Target	Entry number	Inhibitor	Cancer applications	Refs
GLO1	1	S-p-Bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester	Induced MGO accumulation to inhibit cancer cell growth and promote cancer cell apoptosis Active against breast, brain, lung, colon, leukemia, melanoma, ovarian, renal, prostate cancer cell lines Active against glioblastoma tumors in mice	[79–83]
	2	Methotrexate	Inhibited MGO metabolism in patients with lymphoid leukemia FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drug	[84]
	3	Curcumin and derivatives	Potent competitive GLO1 inhibitor Active against breast, prostate and brain cancer cell lines	[85, 86]
	4	Tetrahydropyridoindole-thiourea scaffold	Increased intracellular MGO level in lung cancer cells Suppressed osteoclast formation in mouse macrophage cells	[87]
PAD4	5	F-amidine	Covalent inhibitor that targets the active site cysteine	[88]
	6	GSK484	Reversible covalent inhibitor Blocked the formation of mouse neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) Facilitated apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells Sensitized irradiation-induced inhibition of TNBC	[89]
	7	BMS-P5	More potent than GSK484 Blocked NETs formation and hindered the progression of multiple myeloma in mice	[92]
	8	JBI-589	Blocked the formation of NETs, reduced both primary tumor growth and lung metastases in mice	[93]
DJ-1	9	Amino-epoxycyclohexenone	Irreversible covalent inhibitor targeting the active site cysteine	[94]
	10	Isatin-based analogs	Reversible covalent inhibitor targeting the active site cysteine	[95]