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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2023 Mar 29;324:115878. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115878

Table 2:

Outcome and covariate distributions among sample women in MTF follow-up surveys, 1989–2016, dichotomized by structural sexism level

Low sexism* (N=35,732 observations)
N (%) (categorical)
Mean (S.D.) (continuous)
High sexism* (N=35,749 observations)
N (%) (categorical)
Mean (S.D.) (continuous)
p-value
Alcohol outcomes
Reported any alcohol consumption (dichotomous) 24,609 (69%) 23,388 (65%) <0.001
Reported any binge drinking (dichotomous) 9,761 (27%) 10,363 (29%) <0.001
Occupational characteristics
Currently employed 29,173 (82%) 27,823 (78%) <0.001
 • One full-time job, or multiple jobs 22,915 (64.1%) 18,525 (51.8%) <0.001
 • One part-time job 6,258 (17.5%) 9,298 (26.0%)
In the labor force 33,071 (93%) 33,933 (95%) <0.001
 • Managerial/professional occupation 14,216 (47%) 7,960 (29%) <0.001
 • High prestige occupation 15,857 (55%) 9,160 (33%) <0.001
 • Majority-men occupations 3,522 (12.3%) 2,743 (9.9%) <0.001
State-level covariates
Percentage of residents who are 18.0 (0.1) 16.9 (0.1) <0.001
religious conservatives
Poverty rate 13.5 (2.9) 12.7 (3.2) <0.001
Population density 207.4 (230.0) 186.7 (212.0) <0.001
Alcohol policy climate scale 42.6 (7.3) 38.5 (9.3) <0.001
GINI coefficient 0.61 (0.04) 0.58 (0.03) <0.001
Individual-level covariates
Father has college degree 14,011 (39%) 12,994 (36%) <0.001
Rural 14,147 (40%) 14,620 (41%) <0.001
Rural at baseline 19,136 (54%) 18,843 (53%) <0.001
White 29,461 (82%) 29,229 (82%) 0.074
Married 15,417 (43%) 9,608 (27%) <0.001
More than 5 years of college education 9,365 (26%) 4,090 (11%) <0.001
Religious 20,709 (58%) 23,037 (64%) <0.00
Religious at baseline 21,968 (61%) 22,007 (62%) 0.818
Any alcohol consumption at baseline 17,754 (50%) 18,966 (50%) <0.001
Any binge drinking at baseline 9,243 (26%) 9,330 (26%) 0.604
*

For descriptive statistics, high structural sexism refers to states with at or above median level; low structural sexism refers to states below median level