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. 2023 Mar 27;62:102690. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102690

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

SCFA alleviate neuronal oxidative stress injury and exert neuroprotection. (A) The effect of astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) formed by incubating astrocytes (C6 cells) with or without different concentrations of SCFA (1 μM, 10 μM) on Aβ-induced neurons (PC12 cells) for 24 h using CCK8. (SA: sodium acetate; SB: sodium butyrate; SP: sodium propionate; ABP: SA + SB + SP) (n = 3–4 per group; ****p < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA). (B) ROS levels in Aβ-induced neurons (PC12 cells) exposed to SCFA-ACM (1 μM, 10 μM) for 24 h (n = 3–4 per group; ****p < 0.0001, ***p = 0.0002, **p = 0.0011; one-way ANOVA). (C) ATP levels in Aβ-induced neurons (PC12 cells) by SCFA-ACM (10 μM) for 24 h (n = 4 per group; Con vs Aβ: ***p = 0.0008; Aβ vs SA/SB: **p = 0.0040, *p = 0.0436; Aβ vs SA + SB/SA + SP: ****p < 0.0001; Aβ vs SB + SP/ABP: ***p = 0.0004/0.0001; one-way ANOVA). (D) Apoptosis detection by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining in Aβ-induced neurons (PC12 cells) by SCFA-ACM (10 μM) for 24 h. (E) Quantitative analysis of (D) (n = 3 per group; ****p < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA).