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. 2025 Apr 3;11:1107. Originally published 2022 Sep 27. [Version 5] doi: 10.12688/f1000research.126054.5

Table 5. Factors associated with mental health problems (CGI) analysed by univariable and multivariable regression analysis (n=154).

Factors Univariable analysis Multivariable analysis
OR 1 95%CI P-value OR adj 2 95%CI P-value
Sex
Male 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference
Female 2.27 (1.14-4.52) 0.019 1.92 (0.94-3.94) 0.076
GPA
<3.0 3.09 (1.17-8.14) 0.023 3.17 (1.18-8.56) 0.022
≥3.0 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference
A family history of mental disorder 3.40 (1.10-10.48) 0.033 3.78 (1.18-12.04) 0.025

Abbreviations: OR, Odds Ratio; ORadj, Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI, confident interval.

Variable was included in the multivariable model due to having a p-value < 0.050 in the univariable analysis.

1

Crude Odds Ratio estimated by Binary Logistic regression.

2

Adjusted Odds Ratio estimated by Multiple Logistic regression.