Table 1:
Patient characteristics
Baseline characteristics of all BPD patients and those with and without tracheostomy.
| All BPD patients (n=40,021) |
BPD patients with tracheostomy (n=1,614) |
BPD patients without tracheostomy (n=38,407) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) a | |||
| Male | 21981 (54.9) | 949 (58.8) | 21032 (54.8) |
| Female | 18037 (45.1) | 665 (41.2) | 17372 (45.2) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Asian | 1007 (2.5) | 40 (2.5) | 967 (2.5) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 11467 (28.7) | 603 (37.4) | 10864 (28.3) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 16192 (40.5) | 613 (38.0) | 15579 (40.6) |
| Hispanic | 5406 (13.5) | 164 (10.2) | 5242 (13.6) |
| Other | 3713 (9.3) | 141 (8.7) | 3572 (9.3) |
| Unknown | 2236 (5.6) | 53 (3.3) | 2183 (5.7) |
| Gestational Age | |||
| Extreme prematurity, unspecified | 47 (11.7) | 5 (0.3) | 42 (0.1) |
| Less than 24 weeks | 3497 (8.7) | 234 (14.5) | 3262 (8.5) |
| 24 completed weeks | 5568 (13.9) | 323 (20.0) | 5245 (13.7) |
| 25-26 completed weeks | 12645 (31.6) | 571 (35.4) | 12074 (31.4) |
| 27-28 completed weeks | 10604 (26.5) | 285 (17.7) | 10319 (26.9) |
| 29-30 completed weeks | 5741 (14.3) | 137 (8.5) | 5604 (14.6) |
| 31-32 completed weeks | 1919 (4.8) | 59 (3.7) | 1860 (4.8) |
| Birth weight (grams; median, IQR) b | 871 (690-1125) | 710 (566-901) | 880 (700-1130) |
| Age at trach insertion (months; median, IQR) c | 4.6 (3.6-5.9) | ||
| Primary insurance, n (%) d | |||
| Medicaid/self-pay/other | 25758 (64.4) | 1106 (68.5) | 24652 (64.2) |
| Private | 14171 (35.4) | 506 (31.4) | 13665 (35.6) |
| Neighborhood median household income ($; median, IQR) e | 53,318.00 (41,675.00-70,405) | 50,826.50 (40,171.50-65,900.00) | 53,464.00 (41,741.50-70,592.50) |
| % Population with income below poverty level (median, IQR) f | 14.9 (8.9-22.7) | 16.0 (9.9-24.3) | 14.8 (8.9-22.6) |
| % Population with bachelor’s degree (median, IQR) g | 15.6 (10.7-22.7) | 14.8 (10.5-21.3) | 15.6 (10.7-22.8) |
| Comorbid diagnoses, n (%) | |||
| Other non-resp neonatal morbidityh | 11674 (29.2) | 694 (43.0) | 10980 (28.6) |
| Pulmonary hypertensioni | 1869 (4.7) | 452 (28.0) | 1417 (3.7) |
| Airway abnormalityj | 1933 (4.8) | 617 (38.2) | 1316 (3.4) |
| Congenital heart diseasek | 2742 (6.9) | 197 (12.2) | 2545 (6.6) |
| Death, n (%) | 2084 (5.2) | 227 (14.1) | 1857 (4.8) |
Missing data from 3 non-trach patients
Missing data from 510 trach patients and 5393 non-trach patients
Missing data from 36 trach patients
Missing data from 2 trach patients and 90 non-trach patients
Missing data from 14 trach patients and 651 non-trach patients
Missing data from 11 trach patients and 598 non-trach patients
Missing data from 11 trach patients and 588 non-trach patients
Necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage grade >2, periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity stage >2
Excluding persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Tracheo-/broncho-/laryngomalacia, subglottic stenosis, laryngeal web
Excluding isolated atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, or unspecified congenital lesions