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Overall model showing the modus operandi of AlaRS and DTD. AlaRS sterically excludes D-alanine from the aminoacylation site but can charge L-serine and glycine along with L-alanine and its editing domain can deacylate mischarged L-Ser-tRNAAla and Gly-tRNAAla. DTD acts on D-aminoacyl-tRNAs independent of side chain size and deacylates the misacylated product into free amino acids and tRNAs.
