Table 2.
Summary of cohort studies on UPF and obesity.
| Author | Sample | Exposure | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canhada et al. [31] | Brazil n = 11,872 Age: 51.3 y |
F/u: 3.8 y Quartile 4: >30.8% Eina vs. Quartile 1: <17.8% Eina |
Risk of large wtb gain: +27% Risk of large waist gain: +33% Risk of incident overweight/obesity: +20% Risk of incident obesity: NSc |
| Mendoça et al. [30] | Spain n = 8,451 Age: 37.6 y |
F/u: 8.9 y Quartile 4: 6.1 servings/day vs. Quartile 1: 1.5 servings/day |
Risk of incident overweight/obesity: +26% |
| Sandoval-Insausti et al. [28] | Spain n = 652 Age: 67 y |
F/u: 6y Tertile 3: 22.5–62.2% Eina in men, 19.31–57.5% Eina in women vs. Tertile 1: 0.14–12.4% Eina in men, 0–10.5% Eina in women |
Risk of abdominal obesity: +62% |
| Rauber et al. [33] | UK n = 22,659 Age: 55.9 y |
F/u: 5 y Quartile 4: >72.2% Eina in men, >71.1% Eina in women vs. Quartile 1: <26.3% Eina in men, <24.7% Eina in women |
Risk of incident obesity: +79% Risk of incident abdominal obesity: +30% Risk of ≥5% BMI gain: +31% Risk of ≥5% WCd gain: +35% Risk of ≥5% percentage body fat gain: +14% |
| Beslay et al. [34] | France n = 110,260 Age: 43.1 y |
F/u: 4–5 y Quartile 4: >21.2% food by wtb in men, >21.1% food by wtb in women vs. Quartile 1: <9.8% food by wtb in men, <9.6% food by in women |
Risk of incident obesity: +15% |
| Li et al. [32] | China n = 12,451 Age: 43.7 y |
F/u: 10 y ≥50 g/day vs. 0 g/day |
Risk of incident overweight/obesity: +45% Risk of central obesity: +50% |
| Cordova et al. [29] | European countries n = 348,748 Age: ~50 y |
F/u: 5 y Quintile 5: 686 g/day vs. Quintile 1: 176 g/day |
Risk of incident overweight/obesity: + 15% Risk of incident obesity: +16% |
a
Ein energy intake.
b
Wt weight.
c
NS non-significant.
d
WC waist circumference.