Table 1.

A summary of the guidelines presented by Alpaslan-Roodenberg et al. and critiques and alternative considerations for each guideline

Guidelines in Alpaslan-Roodenberg et al.	Critiques	Alternative considerations
1. Follow research regulations	a bare minimum for all research, and national regulations may not sufficiently recognize the rights and interests of community partners	research should consider international, national, regional, local, and community-specific regulations, guidance, or preferences
2. Prepare a research plan before study	necessary for rigorous research	consult with community partners in designing research
3. Minimize destructive analyses on “human remains”	approach to destructive analysis should be determined in partnership with communities	a range of destructive and non-destructive techniques should be discussed with community partners from the design phase
4. Make genomic data openly available	limits Indigenous rights and sovereignty; ignores IDS; misaligned with UNDRIP	access to data should be negotiated with community partners following principles of IDS and UNDRIP
5. Consult with relevant stakeholders	descendant and Indigenous communities are distinct from other kinds of stakeholders; research should be conducted in partnership with communities, from start to finish	meaningfully engaging communities with established or potential ties to Ancestors is an integral part of aDNA research