Table 1.
Characteristics of groups: OR for catatonia according to age, sex, ethnicity and diagnosis
| Inpatients with catatonia (n = 787) | Control patients (n = 24 956) | Unadjusted analysis | Adjusted analysisa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | |||
| Total number of episodes | 1046 | 37 456 | – | – | – | – |
| Age in years at first episode, mean (s.d.)b | 37.0 (15.8) | 40.0 (17.1) | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | <0.001 | – | |
| Age in years at first episode, median (range, IQR) | 34 (9–91; 24–46) | 37 (5–100; 27–49) | – | – | – | – |
| Age <18 at index episode, n (%) | 41 (5.2) | 1835 (7.4) | 0.69 (0.50–0.95) | 0.02 | – | – |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Female | 362 (46.0%) | 11 457 (45.9%) | 1 (reference) | – | 1 (reference) | – |
| Male | 425 (54.0%) | 13 495 (54.1%) | 0.997 (0.864–1.15) | 0.96 | – | – |
| Not stated | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (0.02%) | – | – | – | – |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||||
| White | 233 (29.6%) | 15 340 (61.5%) | 1 (reference) | – | 1 (reference) | – |
| Asian/Asian British | 54 (6.9%) | 1291 (5.2%) | 2.75 (2.04–3.72) | <0.001 | 2.68 (1.98–3.63) | <0.001 |
| Black/African/Caribbean/Black British | 421 (53.5%) | 6115 (24.5%) | 4.53 (3.85–5.33) | <0.001 | 4.45 (3.78–5.24) | <0.001 |
| Mixed/multiple ethnic groups | 29 (3.7%) | 609 (2.4%) | 3.14 (2.11–4.65) | <0.001 | 2.99 (2.01–4.44) | <0.001 |
| Other ethnic groups | 47 (6.0%) | 1237 (5.0%) | 2.50 (1.82–3.44) | <0.001 | 2.43 (1.77–3.35) | <0.001 |
| Not stated | 3 (0.4%) | 364 (1.5%) | – | – | – | – |
| Diagnostic group at first episode (%) | ||||||
| Organic disorders | 21 (2.7%) | 1332 (5.3%) | 0.20 (0.13–0.32) | <0.001 | 0.32 (0.20–0.51) | <0.001 |
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | 16 (2.0%) | 546 (2.2%) | 0.24 (0.11–0.52) | <0.001 | 0.29 (0.13–0.62) | 0.001 |
| Schizophrenia and related disorders | 456 (57.9%) | 5866 (23.5%) | 1 (reference) | – | 1 (reference) | – |
| Mood disorders | 154 (19.6%) | 5342 (21.4%) | 0.37 (0.31–0.45) | <0.001 | 0.47 (0.39–0.57) | <0.001 |
| Neurotic disorders | 32 (4.1%) | 2433 (9.7%) | 0.17 (0.12–0.24) | <0.001 | 0.22 (0.15–0.32) | <0.001 |
| Personality and behavioural disorders | 18 (2.3%) | 1673 (6.7%) | 0.14 (0.09–0.22) | <0.001 | 0.18 (0.11–0.29) | <0.001 |
| Substance use disorders | 15 (1.9%) | 4361 (17.5%) | 0.04 (0.03–0.07) | <0.001 | 0.06 (0.03–0.10) | <0.001 |
| Not stated | 75 (9.5%) | 3403 (13.6%) | – | – | – | – |
a
Ethnicity adjusted for age and sex. Diagnostic group adjusted for age, sex and Black ethnicity.
b
ORs calculated using age in decades.