Table 2.

Workplace Related Risk Factor Measurements, Domains and Question Items, and Response Formats

Domain	Item	Question	Response format
Psychosocial risk factors
	Job strain
	Job demands 1
	(a) Work fast	My job requires that I work very fast	4-point Likert scale, “Strongly agree” to “Strongly disagree.” Reverse coded.
	(b) Over work	I have too much work to do everything well.	4-point Likert scale, “Strongly agree” to “Strongly disagree.” Reverse coded.
	(c) Work time	I have enough time to get the job done.	A 4-point Likert scale, “Very true” to “Not at all true.”
	(d) Conflicting demands	I am free from the conflicting demands that other people make of me.	4-point Likert scale, “Very true” to “Not at all true.”
	(e) Too few workers	How often are there not enough people or staff to get all the work done?	4-point Likert scale, “Very true” to “Not at all true.” Reverse coded.
	Job Control 2
	(a) Learn new things	My job requires that I keep learning new things.	4-point Likert scale, “Strongly disagree” to “Strongly agree.”
	(b) Work freedom	I am given a lot of freedom to decide how to do my own work	4-point Likert scale, “Very true” to “Not at all true.”
	(c) Work variety	I get to do a number of different things on my job.	4-point Likert scale, “Strongly agree” to “Strongly disagree.”
	(d) Develop own ability	I have an opportunity to develop my own abilities.	4 point Likert scale, “Very true” to “Not at all true.”
	(e) Allows own decisions	In your job, how often do you take part with others in making decisions that affect you?	4-point Likert scale, “Often” to “Never.”
	Social support 3
	(a) Co-worker help	The people I work with can be relied on when I need help.	4-point Likert scale, “Very true” to “Not at all true.”
	(b) Supervisor care	My supervisor is concerned about the welfare of those under him or her.	4-point Likert scale, “Very true” to “Not at all true.”
	(b) Supervisor help	My supervisor is helpful to me in getting the job done	4-point Likert scale, “Strongly agree” to “Strongly disagree.”
	(c) Co-worker interest	The people I work with take a personal interest in me	4-point Likert scale, “Very true” to “Not at all true.”
	Work-family imbalance 4
	(a) Level of difficulty for taking time off from work	How hard is it to take time off during your work to take care of personal or family matters?	4 point Likert scale, “Not at all hard” to “Very hard.”
	(b) Job interfered with family life	How often your job interfered with your family life?	4-point Likert scale, “Often” to “Never,” reverse coded.
	(c) Family interfere with job	How often do the demands of your family interfere with your work on the job?	4-point Likert scale, “Often” to “Never,” reverse coded.
	Harassment 5
	(a) General harassment at work	In the last 12 months, were you threatened or harassed in any other way by anyone while you were on the job?	Yes/No.
	(b) Sexual harassment	In the last 12 months, were you sexually harassed by anyone while you were on the job?	Yes/No.
	Discrimination 6
	(a) Discrimination based on race or ethnic origin	DDo you feel in any way discriminated against on your job because of your race or ethnic origin?	Yes/No
	(b) Discrimination based on gender	DDo you feel in any way discriminated against on your job because of your gender?	Yes/No
	(c) Discrimination based on age	DDo you feel in any way discriminated against on your job because of your age?	Yes/No
	Job security	The job security is good	4 point Likert scale, “Very true” to “Not at all true.”
Physical work environment
	(a) Lift heavy loads	Does your job require you to do repetitive lifting, pushing, pulling or bending?	Yes/No.
	(b) Awkward body positions and awkward arm positions	Does your job regularly require you to perform repetitive or forceful hand movements or involve awkward postures?	Yes/No.

Notes:

¹The scores for the 5 items were added and scores above the mean were defined as “high demand.”

²The scores for the 5 items were added and scores below the mean were defined as “low control.”

³The scores for the 4 items were added and scores below the mean were defined as “low social support.”

⁴The scores for the 3 items were added and scores above the mean were defined as “work-family imbalance.”

⁵“Yes” for “threatened or harassed in any other way by anyone” or “sexually harassed by anyone on the job” was defined as harassment.

⁶Yes” for discriminated against on job “because of race or ethnic origin,” “because of your gender,” or “because of your age” was defined as discriminations.