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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Ind Med. 2022 Nov 23;66(1):41–53. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23444

Table 3.

Distributions of the Study Population by Demographic Characteristics and BACK PAIN, Univariate Odds Ratios

Demographic Characteristics % in study pop % with BACK PAIN Odds Ratio 95% Conf. P
BACK PAIN 25.9
Age
18 – 25 10.6 28.2
26 – 40 36.1 26.7 0.93 (0.77,1.12)
41 – 55 35.2 25.7 0.88 (0.73,1.06)
56 – 64 12.7 24.0 0.81 (0.64,1.01) **
65+ 5.4 21.6 0.70 (0.53,0.95) *
Sex
Male 49.5 25.3 1.00
Female 50.5 26.4 1.06 (0.95,1.18)
Ethnicity and race
Non-Hispanic White 68.1 26.7 1.00
Non-Hispanic Black 14.3 20.9 0.72 (0.61,0.86)
Hispanic 13.7 27.7 1.05 (0.89,1.25)
Non-Hispanic Others 4.1 24.6 0.90 (0.68,1.19)
Education
Less than high school 10.3 36.0 2.43 (1.95,3.04) **
High school 25.5 28.2 1.70 (1.40,2.05) **
Some college 29.9 27.8 1.66 (1.38,2.00) **
College 18.9 20.1 1.09 (0.88,1.34)
Master and above 15.5 18.8
Earning
<  $15,000 23.7 31.3 2.11 (1.62,2.75) **
$15,000 - $24,999 19.3 26.6 1.68 (1.28,2.21) **
$25,000 - $34,999 15.7 25.7 1.61 (1.21,2.13) *
$35,000 - $49,999 19.2 26.0 1.63 (1.24,2.15) **
$50,000 - $74,999 13.3 23.6 1.43 (1.07,1.92) *
> =$75,000 8.9 17.7 1.00
*

<=0.05

**

<=0.001