Table 1.

Study characteristics for peer-reviewed papers on increasing cervical cancer screening

First author (Year)	Location	Final sample size	Participant characteristics	Intervention description	Types of components						Effect sizes for Pap test
					Education	Patient navigation	Phone call	Counseling	Systems	Other
Blumenthal (2005)	Tennessee and Georgia, USA	3914	Age 18+, African American living in predominantly black census tracts of 4 study cities	Educational sessions, mass media campaigning with local partners, and community events	X					Mass media, CBPR	Tenn.: + 2.5% Georg.: − 3.7%
Braun (2015)	Hawaii, USA	488	Age not specified, Asian and Pacific Islander, Medicare beneficiaries	Patient navigators assisted with breast, cervical, colorectal, and prostate screening	X	X	X				+ 20.6%
Fernandez (2009)	New Mexico, Texas, and California, USA	243	Age 50+, Hispanic, low-income, farmworker, no cancer history, not up-to-date for cervical or breast cancer screening	LHW presented in-home educational session, provided local screening information, and followed-up after 2 weeks	X					Community health worker	+ 15.9%
Maxwell (2003)	California, USA	530	Age 40+, Filipino women	Female Filipino health educator led a group educational session and provided information on local facilities and free testing	X						+ 4.0%
Paskett (1999)	North Carolina, USA	302	Age 40+, predominantly African American, living in low-income housing communities in the 2 study cities	Educational programs with LHWs (group and individual), targeted mailings, mass media campaigns, and in clinic services (posters, literature, counseling, follow-up)	X			X	X		+ 21.0%
Studts (2012)	Kentucky, USA	345	Age 40–64, living in rural Appalachian counties in Kentucky, overdue for cervical cancer screening	Educational lunch, home visits with lay health advisor, and newsletters addressing barriers to treatment	X	X					+ 7.0%
Taylor (2002)	Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada	482	Age 20–69, Chinese, living in 2 study cities, under-utilizers of Pap testing, spoke Cantonese, Mandarin or English, no history of cervical cancer, no hysterectomy	Intervention 1: outreach worker provided tailored counseling and assistance with logistics of screening Intervention 2: direct mail of educational resources	X	X				Home visits, transportation	+ 10.0% + 24.0%
Taylor (2010)	Washington, USA	234	Age 20–79, Vietnamese, speak Vietnamese or English, living in Seattle during study, has a uterus, not up-to-date for Pap test	Vietnamese-American community health workers made home visits, provided education with video and print resources, and addressed cultural barriers to screening	X		X			Community health worker home visit	+ 10.0%
Thompson (2016)	Washington, USA	443	Age 21–64, Latina, living in the Yakima Valley, seen by one of the FQHCs in the past 5 years, not up-to-date for Pap test, no prior hysterectomy	Intervention 1: low-intensity intervention, educational video sent to participants’ homes Intervention 2: high-intensity intervention, video plus in-home promo-tora education session	X	X					+ 4.7% + 19.4%