. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Autism Dev Disord. 2022 Aug 8;53(10):3958–3967. doi: 10.1007/s10803-022-05702-z

Table 2.

Changes in motor skills, strength, flexibility, and balance for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder participating in the yoga intervention

	Baseline N = 20^a	12-weeks N = 19^a	Difference (% Change)	p-value^*
Motor skills^b
Locomotor standard score	9.0 ± 3.4	9.7 ± 3.7	0.7 (7.8%)	0.138
Object control standard score	7.5 ± 3.7	7.8 ± 4.2	0.3 (4.0%)	0.249
Motor quotient	89.5 ± 19.6	92.4 ± 21.3	2.9 (3.2%)	0.153
Strength^b
Leg press 5 RM	64.9 ± 21.0	73.0 ± 14.3	8.1 (12.5%)	0.039
Dominant grip strength	21.2 ± 6.6	21.8 ± 6.8	0.6 (2.8%)	0.284
Non-dominant grip strength	20.2 ± 6.9	20.8 ± 7.0	0.6 (3.0%)	0.245
Flexibility^b
Sit & reach	− 6.7 ± 10.9	− 4.0 ± 11.5	2.7 (40.3%)	0.008
Balance^b
Right SBT	4.3 ± 4.0	4.3 ± 3.1	0.0 (0.0%)	0.517
Left SBT	3.6 ± 3.2	3.5 ± 2.4	− 0.1 (− 2.8%)	0.483
Right SEBT	77.6 ± 15.9	86.2 ± 14.7	8.6 (11.1%)	0.001
Left SEBT	77.5 ± 15.2	83.8 ± 15.5	6.4 (8.1%)	0.003

Unadjusted one-sided Wilcoxon signed rank (alternative hypothesis of greater values after yoga)

Mean ± Standard Deviation

Motor skill assessment outcomes are unitless; Lower and upper body strength measured in kilograms; Sit & Reach test for flexibility measured in centimeters; SBT measured in seconds; SEBT standardized as a percentage of leg length